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Selected Verse: 1 Timothy 4:1 - Strong Concordance

Verse	Translation	Text
1Ti 4:1	Strong Concordance	Now [1161] the Spirit [4151] speaketh [3004] expressly [4490], that [3754] in [1722] the latter [5306] times [2540] some [5100] shall depart from [868] the faith [4102], giving heed [4337] to seducing [4108] spirits [4151], and [2532] doctrines [1319] of devils [1140];
	King James	Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that in the latter times some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits, and doctrines of devils;

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A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]
PREDICTION OF A COMING DEPARTURE FROM THE FAITH: TIMOTHY'S DUTY AS TO IT: GENERAL DIRECTIONS TO HIM. (1Ti. 4:1-16) Now--Greek, "But." In contrast to the "mystery of godliness." the Spirit--speaking by the prophets in the Church (whose prophecies rested on those of the Old Testament, Dan 7:25; Dan 8:23, &c.; Dan 11:30, as also on those of Jesus in the New Testament, Mat 24:11-24), and also by Paul himself, Th2 2:3 (with whom accord Pe2 3:3; Jo1 2:18; Jde 1:18). expressly--"in plain words." This shows that he refers to prophecies of the Spirit then lying before him. in the latter times--in the times following upon the times in which he is now writing. Not some remote future, but times immediately subsequent, the beginnings of the apostasy being already discernible (Act 20:29): these are the forerunners of "the last days" (Ti2 3:1). depart from the faith--The apostasy was to be within the Church, the faithful one becoming the harlot. In Th2 2:3 (written earlier), the apostasy of the Jews from God (joining the heathen against Christianity) is the groundwork on which the prophecy rises; whereas here, in the Pastoral Epistles, the prophecy is connected with Gnostic errors, the seeds of which had already been sown in the Church [AUBERLEN] (Ti2 2:18). Apollonius TyanÃ&brvbr;us, a heretic, came to Ephesus in the lifetime of Timothy. giving heed-- (Ti1 1:4; Tit 1:14). seducing spirits--working in the heretical teachers. Jo1 4:2-3, Jo1 4:6, "the spirit of error," opposed to "the spirit of truth," "the Spirit" which "speaketh" in the true prophets against them. doctrines of devils--literally "teachings of (that is suggested by) demons." Jam 3:15, "wisdom . . . devilish"; Co2 11:15, "Satan's ministers."

A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]

PREDICTION OF A COMING DEPARTURE FROM THE FAITH: TIMOTHY'S DUTY AS TO IT: GENERAL DIRECTIONS TO HIM. (1Ti. 4:1-16)

Now--Greek, "But." In contrast to the "mystery of godliness."

the Spirit--speaking by the prophets in the Church (whose prophecies rested on those of the Old Testament, Dan 7:25; Dan 8:23, &c.; Dan 11:30, as also on those of Jesus in the New Testament, Mat 24:11-24), and also by Paul himself, Th2 2:3 (with whom accord Pe2 3:3; Jo1 2:18; Jde 1:18).

expressly--"in plain words." This shows that he refers to prophecies of the Spirit then lying before him.

in the latter times--in the times following upon the times in which he is now writing. Not some remote future, but times immediately subsequent, the beginnings of the apostasy being already discernible (Act 20:29): these are the forerunners of "the last days" (Ti2 3:1).

depart from the faith--The apostasy was to be within the Church, the faithful one becoming the harlot. In Th2 2:3 (written earlier), the apostasy of the Jews from God (joining the heathen against Christianity) is the groundwork on which the prophecy rises; whereas here, in the Pastoral Epistles, the prophecy is connected with Gnostic errors, the seeds of which had already been sown in the Church [AUBERLEN] (Ti2 2:18). Apollonius TyanÃ&brvbr;us, a heretic, came to Ephesus in the lifetime of Timothy.

giving heed-- (Ti1 1:4; Tit 1:14).

seducing spirits--working in the heretical teachers. Jo1 4:2-3, Jo1 4:6, "the spirit of error," opposed to "the spirit of truth," "the Spirit" which "speaketh" in the true prophets against them.

doctrines of devils--literally "teachings of (that is suggested by) demons." Jam 3:15, "wisdom . . . devilish"; Co2 11:15, "Satan's ministers."

Notes on the Bible, by Albert Barnes, [1834]
Now the Spirit - Evidently the Holy Spirit; the Spirit of inspiration. It is not quite certain, from this passage, whether the apostle means to say that this was a revelation "then" made to him, or whether it was a well-understood thing as taught by the Holy Spirit. He himself elsewhere refers to this same prophecy, and John also more than once mentions it; compare 2 Thes. 2; Jo1 2:18; Rev 20:1-15. From Th2 2:5, it would seem that this was a truth which had before been communicated to the apostle Paul, and that he had dwelt on it when he preached the gospel in Thessalonica. There is no improbability, however, in the supposition that so important a subject was communicated directly by the Holy Spirit to others of the apostles. Speaketh expressly - In express words, ῥητῶς rētōs. It was not by mere hints, and symbols, and shadowy images of the future; it was in an open and plain manner - in so many words. The object of this statement seems to be to call the attention of Timothy to it in an emphatic manner, and to show the importance of attending to it. That in the latter times - Under the last dispensation, during which the affairs of the world would close; see the notes on Heb 1:2. It does not mean that this would occur "just before" the end of the world, but that it would take place during "that last dispensation," and that the end of the world would not happen until this should take place; see the notes on Th2 2:3. Some shall depart from the faith - The Greek word here - ἀποστήσονται apostēsontai - is that from which we have derived the word "apostatize," and would be properly so rendered here. The meaning is, that they would "apostatize" from the belief of the truths of the gospel. It does not mean that, as individuals, they would have been true Christians; but that there would be a departure from the great doctrines which constitute the Christian faith. The ways in which they would do this are immediately specified, showing what the apostle meant here by departing from the faith. They would give heed to seducing spirits, to the doctrines of devils, etc. The use of the word "some," here τινες tines - does not imply that the number would be small. The meaning is, that "certain persons" would thus depart, or that "there would be" an apostasy of the kind here mentioned, in the last days. From the parallel passage in Th2 2:3, it would seem that this was to be an extensive apostasy. Giving heed to seducing spirits - Rather than to the Spirit of God. It would be a part of their system to yield to those spirits that led astray. The spirits here referred to are any that cause to err, and the most obvious and natural construction is to refer it to the agency of fallen spirits. Though it "may" apply to false teachers, yet, if so, it is rather to them as under the influence of evil spirits. This may be applied, so far as the phraseology is concerned, to "any" false teaching; but it is evident that the apostle had a specific apostasy in view - some great "system" that would greatly corrupt the Christian faith; and the words here should be interpreted with reference to that. It is true that people in all ages are prone to give heed to seducing spirits; but the thing referred to here is some grand apostasy, in which the characteristics would be manifested, and the doctrines held, which the apostle proceeds immediately to specify; compare Jo1 4:1. And doctrines of devils - Greek, "Teachings of demons - διδασκαλίαις δαιμωνίων didaskaliais daimōniōn. This may either mean teachings "respecting" demons, or teachings "by" demons. The particular sense must be determined by the connection. Ambiguity of this kind in the construction of words, where one is in the genitive case, is not uncommon; compare Joh 15:9-10; Joh 21:15. Instances of the construction where the genitive denotes the "object," and should be translated "concerning," occur in Mat 9:25; "The gospel of the kingdom," i. e., concerning the kingdom; Mat 10:1; "Power of unclean spirits," i. e., over or concerning unclean spirits; so, also, Act 4:9; Rom 16:15; Co2 1:5; Eph 3:1; Rev 2:13. Instances of construction where the genitive denotes the "agent," occur in the following places: Luk 1:69, "A horn of salvation," i. e., a horn which produces or causes salvation; Joh 6:28; Rom 3:22; Co2 4:10; Eph 4:18; Col 2:11. Whether the phrase here means that, in the apostasy, they would give heed to doctrines "respecting" demons, or to doctrines which demons "taught," cannot, it seems to me, be determined with certainty. If the previous phrase, however, means that they would embrace doctrines taught by evil spirits, it can hardly be supposed that the apostle would immediately repeat the same idea in another form; and then the sense would be, that one characteristic of the time referred to would be the prevalent teaching "respecting" demons. They would "give heed to," or embrace, some special views respecting demons. The word here rendered "devils" is δαιμονία daimonia - "demons." This word, among the Greeks, denoted the following things: (1) A god or goddess, spoken of the pagan gods; compare in New Testament, Act 17:18. (2) a divine being, where no particular one was specified, the agent or author of good or evil fortune; of death, fate, etc. In this sense it is often used in Homer. (3) the souls of people of the golden age, which dwelt unobserved upon the earth to regard the actions of men, and to defend them - tutelary divinities, or geniuses - like that which Socrates regarded as his constant attendant. Xen. Mem. 4. 8. 1. 5; Apol. Soc. 4. See "Passow." (4) to this may be added the common use in the New Testament, where the word denotes a demon in the Jewish sense - a bad spirit, subject to Satan, and under his control; one of the host of fallen angels - commonly, but not very properly rendered "devil" or "devils." These spirits were supposed to wander in desolate places, Mat 12:43; compare Isa 13:21; Isa 34:14; or they dwell in the air, Eph 2:2. They were regarded as hostile to mankind, Joh 8:44; as able to utter pagan oracles, Act 16:17; as lurking in the idols of the pagan, Co1 10:20; Rev 9:20. They are spoken of as the authors of evil, Jam 2:19; compare Eph 6:12, and as having the power of taking "possession" of a person, of producing diseases, or of causing mania, as in the case of the demoniacs, Luk 4:33; Luk 8:27; Mat 17:18; Mar 7:29-30; and often elsewhere. The doctrine, therefore, which the apostle predicted would prevail, might, "so far as the word used is concerned," be either of the following: (1) Accordance with the prevalent notions of the pagan respecting false gods; or a falling into idolatry similar to that taught in the Grecian mythology. It can hardly be supposed, however, that he designed to say that the common notions of the pagan would prevail in the Christian church, or that the worship of the pagan gods "as such" would be set up there. (2) an accordance with the Jewish views respecting demoniacal possessions and the power of exorcising them. If this view should extensively prevail in the Christian church, it would be in accordance with the language of the prediction. (3) accordance with the prevalent pagan notions respecting the departed spirits of the good and the great, who were exalted to the rank of demi-gods, and who, though invisible, were supposed still to exert an important influence in favor of mankind. To these beings, the pagan rendered extraordinary homage. They regarded them as demi-gods. They supposed that they took a deep interest in human affairs. They invoked their aid. They set apart days in honor of them. They offered sacrifices, and performed rites and ceremonies to propitiate their favor. They were regarded as a sort of mediators or intercessors between man and the superior divinities. If these things are found anywhere in the Christian church, they may be regarded as a fulfillment of this prediction, for they were not of a nature to be foreseen by any human sagacity. Now it so happens, that they are in fact found in the Papal communion, and in a way that corresponds fairly to the meaning of the phrase, as it would have been understood in the time of the apostle. There is, "first," the worship of the virgin and of the saints, or the extraordinary honors rendered to them - corresponding almost entirely with the reverence paid by the pagan to the spirits of heroes or to demi-gods. The saints are supposed to have extraordinary power with God, and their aid is implored as intercessors. The virgin Mary is invoked as "the mother of God," and as having power still to command her Son. The Papists do not, indeed, offer the same homage to the saints which they do to God, but they ask their aid; they offer prayer to them. The following extracts from the catechism of Dr. James Butler, approved and recommended by Dr. Kenrick, "Bishop of Philadelphia," expresses the general views of Roman Catholics on this subject. "Question: How do Catholics distinguish between the honor they give to God, and the honor they give to the saints, when they pray to God and the saints? Answer: Of God alone they beg grace and mercy; and of the saints they only ask the assistance of their prayers? Question Is it lawful to recommend ourselves to the saints, and ask their prayers. Answer: Yes; as it is lawful and a very pious practice to ask the prayers of our fellow-creatures on earth, and to pray for them." In the "Prayer to be said before mass," the following language occurs: "In union with the holy church and its minister, and invoking the blessed virgin Mary, Mother of God, and all the angels and saints, we now offer the adorable sacrifice of the mass," etc. In the General Confession, it is said - "I confess to Almighty God, to the blessed Mary, ever Virgin, to blessed Michael the archangel, to blessed John the Baptist, to the holy apostles Peter and Paul, and to all the saints, that I have sinned exceedingly." So also, the council of Trent declared, Sess. 25, "Concerning the invocation of the saints," "that it is good and useful to supplicate them, and to fly to their prayers, power, and aid; but that they who deny that the saints are to be invoked, or who assert that they do not pray for people, or that their invocation of them is idolatry, hold an impious opinion. See also Peter Den's Moral Theology, translated by the Rev. John F. Berg, pp. 342-356. "Secondly," in the Papal communion the doctrine of "exorcism" is still held - implying a belief that evil spirits or demons have power over the human frame - a doctrine which comes fairly under the meaning of the phrase here - "the doctrine respecting demons." Thus, in Dr. Butler's Catechism: "Question: What do you mean by exorcism? Answer: The rites and prayers instituted by the church for the casting out devils, or restraining them from hurting persons, disquieting places, or abusing any of God's creatures to our harm. Question: Has Christ given his church any such power over devils? Anser: Yes, he has; see Mat 10:1; Mar 3:15; Luk 9:1. And that this power was not to die with the apostles, nor to cease after the apostolic age, we learn from the perpetual practice of the church, and the experience of all ages." The characteristic here referred to by the apostle, therefore, is one that applies precisely to the Roman Catholic communion, and cannot be applied with the same fitness to any other association calling itself Christian on earth. There can be no doubt, therefore, that the Holy Spirit designed to designate that apostate church.

Notes on the Bible, by Albert Barnes, [1834]

Now the Spirit - Evidently the Holy Spirit; the Spirit of inspiration. It is not quite certain, from this passage, whether the apostle means to say that this was a revelation "then" made to him, or whether it was a well-understood thing as taught by the Holy Spirit. He himself elsewhere refers to this same prophecy, and John also more than once mentions it; compare 2 Thes. 2; Jo1 2:18; Rev 20:1-15. From Th2 2:5, it would seem that this was a truth which had before been communicated to the apostle Paul, and that he had dwelt on it when he preached the gospel in Thessalonica. There is no improbability, however, in the supposition that so important a subject was communicated directly by the Holy Spirit to others of the apostles.

Speaketh expressly - In express words, ῥητῶς rētōs. It was not by mere hints, and symbols, and shadowy images of the future; it was in an open and plain manner - in so many words. The object of this statement seems to be to call the attention of Timothy to it in an emphatic manner, and to show the importance of attending to it.

That in the latter times - Under the last dispensation, during which the affairs of the world would close; see the notes on Heb 1:2. It does not mean that this would occur "just before" the end of the world, but that it would take place during "that last dispensation," and that the end of the world would not happen until this should take place; see the notes on Th2 2:3.

Some shall depart from the faith - The Greek word here - ἀποστήσονται apostēsontai - is that from which we have derived the word "apostatize," and would be properly so rendered here. The meaning is, that they would "apostatize" from the belief of the truths of the gospel. It does not mean that, as individuals, they would have been true Christians; but that there would be a departure from the great doctrines which constitute the Christian faith. The ways in which they would do this are immediately specified, showing what the apostle meant here by departing from the faith. They would give heed to seducing spirits, to the doctrines of devils, etc. The use of the word "some," here τινες tines - does not imply that the number would be small. The meaning is, that "certain persons" would thus depart, or that "there would be" an apostasy of the kind here mentioned, in the last days. From the parallel passage in Th2 2:3, it would seem that this was to be an extensive apostasy.

Giving heed to seducing spirits - Rather than to the Spirit of God. It would be a part of their system to yield to those spirits that led astray. The spirits here referred to are any that cause to err, and the most obvious and natural construction is to refer it to the agency of fallen spirits. Though it "may" apply to false teachers, yet, if so, it is rather to them as under the influence of evil spirits. This may be applied, so far as the phraseology is concerned, to "any" false teaching; but it is evident that the apostle had a specific apostasy in view - some great "system" that would greatly corrupt the Christian faith; and the words here should be interpreted with reference to that. It is true that people in all ages are prone to give heed to seducing spirits; but the thing referred to here is some grand apostasy, in which the characteristics would be manifested, and the doctrines held, which the apostle proceeds immediately to specify; compare Jo1 4:1.

And doctrines of devils - Greek, "Teachings of demons - διδασκαλίαις δαιμωνίων didaskaliais daimōniōn. This may either mean teachings "respecting" demons, or teachings "by" demons. The particular sense must be determined by the connection. Ambiguity of this kind in the construction of words, where one is in the genitive case, is not uncommon; compare Joh 15:9-10; Joh 21:15. Instances of the construction where the genitive denotes the "object," and should be translated "concerning," occur in Mat 9:25; "The gospel of the kingdom," i. e., concerning the kingdom; Mat 10:1; "Power of unclean spirits," i. e., over or concerning unclean spirits; so, also, Act 4:9; Rom 16:15; Co2 1:5; Eph 3:1; Rev 2:13. Instances of construction where the genitive denotes the "agent," occur in the following places: Luk 1:69, "A horn of salvation," i. e., a horn which produces or causes salvation; Joh 6:28; Rom 3:22; Co2 4:10; Eph 4:18; Col 2:11. Whether the phrase here means that, in the apostasy, they would give heed to doctrines "respecting" demons, or to doctrines which demons "taught," cannot, it seems to me, be determined with certainty. If the previous phrase, however, means that they would embrace doctrines taught by evil spirits, it can hardly be supposed that the apostle would immediately repeat the same idea in another form; and then the sense would be, that one characteristic of the time referred to would be the prevalent teaching "respecting" demons. They would "give heed to," or embrace, some special views respecting demons. The word here rendered "devils" is δαιμονία daimonia - "demons." This word, among the Greeks, denoted the following things:

(1) A god or goddess, spoken of the pagan gods; compare in New Testament, Act 17:18.

(2) a divine being, where no particular one was specified, the agent or author of good or evil fortune; of death, fate, etc. In this sense it is often used in Homer.

(3) the souls of people of the golden age, which dwelt unobserved upon the earth to regard the actions of men, and to defend them - tutelary divinities, or geniuses - like that which Socrates regarded as his constant attendant. Xen. Mem. 4. 8. 1. 5; Apol. Soc. 4. See "Passow."

(4) to this may be added the common use in the New Testament, where the word denotes a demon in the Jewish sense - a bad spirit, subject to Satan, and under his control; one of the host of fallen angels - commonly, but not very properly rendered "devil" or "devils." These spirits were supposed to wander in desolate places, Mat 12:43; compare Isa 13:21; Isa 34:14; or they dwell in the air, Eph 2:2. They were regarded as hostile to mankind, Joh 8:44; as able to utter pagan oracles, Act 16:17; as lurking in the idols of the pagan, Co1 10:20; Rev 9:20. They are spoken of as the authors of evil, Jam 2:19; compare Eph 6:12, and as having the power of taking "possession" of a person, of producing diseases, or of causing mania, as in the case of the demoniacs, Luk 4:33; Luk 8:27; Mat 17:18; Mar 7:29-30; and often elsewhere. The doctrine, therefore, which the apostle predicted would prevail, might, "so far as the word used is concerned," be either of the following:

(1) Accordance with the prevalent notions of the pagan respecting false gods; or a falling into idolatry similar to that taught in the Grecian mythology. It can hardly be supposed, however, that he designed to say that the common notions of the pagan would prevail in the Christian church, or that the worship of the pagan gods "as such" would be set up there.

(2) an accordance with the Jewish views respecting demoniacal possessions and the power of exorcising them. If this view should extensively prevail in the Christian church, it would be in accordance with the language of the prediction.

(3) accordance with the prevalent pagan notions respecting the departed spirits of the good and the great, who were exalted to the rank of demi-gods, and who, though invisible, were supposed still to exert an important influence in favor of mankind. To these beings, the pagan rendered extraordinary homage. They regarded them as demi-gods. They supposed that they took a deep interest in human affairs. They invoked their aid. They set apart days in honor of them. They offered sacrifices, and performed rites and ceremonies to propitiate their favor. They were regarded as a sort of mediators or intercessors between man and the superior divinities. If these things are found anywhere in the Christian church, they may be regarded as a fulfillment of this prediction, for they were not of a nature to be foreseen by any human sagacity. Now it so happens, that they are in fact found in the Papal communion, and in a way that corresponds fairly to the meaning of the phrase, as it would have been understood in the time of the apostle.

There is, "first," the worship of the virgin and of the saints, or the extraordinary honors rendered to them - corresponding almost entirely with the reverence paid by the pagan to the spirits of heroes or to demi-gods. The saints are supposed to have extraordinary power with God, and their aid is implored as intercessors. The virgin Mary is invoked as "the mother of God," and as having power still to command her Son. The Papists do not, indeed, offer the same homage to the saints which they do to God, but they ask their aid; they offer prayer to them. The following extracts from the catechism of Dr. James Butler, approved and recommended by Dr. Kenrick, "Bishop of Philadelphia," expresses the general views of Roman Catholics on this subject. "Question: How do Catholics distinguish between the honor they give to God, and the honor they give to the saints, when they pray to God and the saints?

Answer: Of God alone they beg grace and mercy; and of the saints they only ask the assistance of their prayers? Question Is it lawful to recommend ourselves to the saints, and ask their prayers. Answer: Yes; as it is lawful and a very pious practice to ask the prayers of our fellow-creatures on earth, and to pray for them." In the "Prayer to be said before mass," the following language occurs: "In union with the holy church and its minister, and invoking the blessed virgin Mary, Mother of God, and all the angels and saints, we now offer the adorable sacrifice of the mass," etc. In the General Confession, it is said - "I confess to Almighty God, to the blessed Mary, ever Virgin, to blessed Michael the archangel, to blessed John the Baptist, to the holy apostles Peter and Paul, and to all the saints, that I have sinned exceedingly." So also, the council of Trent declared, Sess. 25, "Concerning the invocation of the saints," "that it is good and useful to supplicate them, and to fly to their prayers, power, and aid; but that they who deny that the saints are to be invoked, or who assert that they do not pray for people, or that their invocation of them is idolatry, hold an impious opinion. See also Peter Den's Moral Theology, translated by the Rev. John F. Berg, pp. 342-356. "Secondly," in the Papal communion the doctrine of "exorcism" is still held - implying a belief that evil spirits or demons have power over the human frame - a doctrine which comes fairly under the meaning of the phrase here - "the doctrine respecting demons."

Thus, in Dr. Butler's Catechism: "Question: What do you mean by exorcism? Answer: The rites and prayers instituted by the church for the casting out devils, or restraining them from hurting persons, disquieting places, or abusing any of God's creatures to our harm. Question: Has Christ given his church any such power over devils? Anser: Yes, he has; see Mat 10:1; Mar 3:15; Luk 9:1. And that this power was not to die with the apostles, nor to cease after the apostolic age, we learn from the perpetual practice of the church, and the experience of all ages." The characteristic here referred to by the apostle, therefore, is one that applies precisely to the Roman Catholic communion, and cannot be applied with the same fitness to any other association calling itself Christian on earth. There can be no doubt, therefore, that the Holy Spirit designed to designate that apostate church.

Vincent's Word Studies, by Marvin R. Vincent [1886]
Now (δὲ) Better but, since there is a contrast with the preceding confession of the norm of faith. Expressly (ῥητῶς) N.T.o. olxx. In express words. In the latter times (ἐν ὑστέροις καιροῖς) The phrase only here. For καιρός particular season or juncture, see on Mat 12:1; see on Act 1:7. Not the same as ἐν ἐσχάταις in the last days, Ti2 3:1, which denotes the period closing the present aeon, and immediately preceding the parousia; while this signifies merely a time that is future to the writer. There is not the intense sense of the nearness of Christ's coming which characterises Paul. The writer does not think of his present as "the latter days." Some (τινες) Not, as Ti1 1:3, the heretical teachers, but those whom they mislead. Shall depart from the faith (ἀποστήσονται τῆς πίστεως) The phrase only here. The verb in Paul only Co2 12:8. Quite frequent in Luke and Acts. The kindred noun τασία (Act 21:21; Th2 2:3) is almost literally transcribed in our apostasy. Seducing (πλάνοις) Primarily, wandering, roving. Ὁ πλάνος a vagabond, hence deceiver or seducer. See Jo2 1:7, and comp. ὁ πλανῶν the deceiver, used of Satan, Rev 12:9; Rev 20:10; τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πλάνης the spirit of error, Jo1 4:6. Once in Paul, Co2 6:8, and in lxx, Job 19:4; Jer 23:32. Evil spirits animating the false teachers are meant. Doctrines of devils (διδασκαλίαις δαιμονίων) Better, teachings of demons. Comp. Jam 3:15. Διδασκαλία teaching often in Pastorals. A few times in Paul. See on Ti1 1:10. Δαιμόνιον demon only here in Pastorals. Very frequent in Luke: in Paul only Co1 10:20, Co1 10:21. Teachings proceeding from or inspired by demons. The working of these evil spirits is here specially concerned with striking at the true teaching which underlies godliness. It is impossible to say what particular form of false teaching is alluded to.

Explanatory Notes on the Whole Bible, by John Wesley [1754-65]
But the Spirit saith - By St. Paul himself to the Thessalonians, and probably by other contemporary prophets. Expressly - As concerning a thing of great moment, and soon to be fulfilled. That in the latter times - These extend from our Lord's ascension till his coming to judgment. Some - Yea, many, and by degrees the far greater part. Will depart from the faith - The doctrine once delivered to the saints. Giving heed to seducing spirits - Who inspire false prophets.

Adam Clarke Commentary on the Whole Bible - Published 1810-1826
Now the Spirit speaketh expressly - Ῥητως· Manifestly, openly. It is very likely that the apostle refers here to a prophecy then furnished by the Holy Ghost, and probably immediately after he had written the words in the preceding verses; and as this prophecy contains things nowhere else spoken of in the sacred writings, and of the utmost moment to the Christian Church, we cannot hear or read them with too much reverence or respect. In the latter times - This does not necessarily imply the last ages of the world, but any times consequent to those in which the Church then lived. Depart from the faith - Αποστησονται - της πιστεως· They will apostatize from the faith, i.e. from Christianity; renouncing the whole system in effect, by bringing in doctrines which render its essential truths null and void, or denying and renouncing such doctrines as are essential to Christianity as a system of salvation. A man may hold all the truths of Christianity, and yet render them of none effect by holding other doctrines which counteract their influence; or he may apostatize by denying some essential doctrine, though he bring in nothing heterodox. Giving heed to seducing spirits - Πνευμασι πλανοις· Many MSS. and the chief of the fathers have πνευμασι πλανης· spirits of deceit; which is much more emphatic than the common reading. Deception has her spirits, emissaries of every kind, which she employs to darken the hearts and destroy the souls of men. Pretenders to inspiration, and false teachers of every kind, belong to this class. And doctrines of devils - Δαιμονιων· Demons; either meaning fallen spirits, or dead men, spectres, etc., or doctrines inspired by Satan relative to these, by which he secures his own interest, and provides for his own worship.

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¹⁵ Therefore [3767] it is no [3756] great thing [3173] if [1499] his [846] ministers [1249] also [1499] be transformed [3345] as [5613] the ministers [1249] of righteousness [1343]; whose [3739] end [5056] shall be [2071] according [2596] to their [846] works [2041].

¹⁵ This [3778] wisdom [4678] descendeth [2076] [2718] not [3756] from above [509], but [235] is earthly [1919], sensual [5591], devilish [1141].

⁶ We [2249] are [2070] of [1537] God [2316]: he that knoweth [1097] God [2316] heareth [191] us [2257]; he that [3739] is [2076] not [3756] of [1537] God [2316] heareth [191] not [3756] us [2257]. Hereby [1537] [5127] know we [1097] the spirit [4151] of truth [225], and [2532] the spirit [4151] of error [4106].

² Hereby [1722] [3739] [5129] know ye [1097] the Spirit [4151] of God [2316]: Every [3956] spirit [4151] that confesseth [3670] that Jesus [2424] Christ [5547] is come [2064] in [1722] the flesh [4561] is [2076] of [1537] God [2316]:
³ And [2532] every [3956] spirit [4151] that [3739] confesseth [3670] not [3361] that Jesus [2424] Christ [5547] is come [2064] in [1722] the flesh [4561] is [2076] not [3756] of [1537] God [2316]: and [2532] this [5124] is [2076] that spirit of antichrist [500], whereof [3739] ye have heard [191] that [3754] it should come [2064]; and even [2532] now [3568] already [2235] is it [2076] in [1722] the world [2889].

¹⁴ Not [3361] giving heed [4337] to Jewish [2451] fables [3454], and [2532] commandments [1785] of men [444], that turn from [654] the truth [225].

⁴ Neither [3366] give heed [4337] to fables [3454] and [2532] endless [562] genealogies [1076], which [3748] minister [3930] questions [2214], rather [3123] than [2228] godly [2316] edifying [3620] which [3588] is in [1722] faith [4102]: so do.

¹⁸ Who [3748] concerning [4012] the truth [225] have erred [795], saying [3004] that the resurrection [386] is past [1096] already [2235]; and [2532] overthrow [396] the faith [4102] of some [5100].

³ Let [1818] no [3361] man [5100] deceive [1818] you [5209] by [2596] any [3367] means [5158]: for [3754] that day shall not come, except [3362] there come [2064] a falling away [646] first [4412], and [2532] that man [444] of sin [266] be revealed [601], the son [5207] of perdition [684];

¹ This [5124] know [1097] also [1161], that [3754] in [1722] the last [2078] days [2250] perilous [5467] times [2540] shall come [1764].

²⁹ For [1063] I [1473] know [1492] this [5124], that [3754] after [3326] my [3450] departing [867] shall grievous [926] wolves [3074] enter in [1525] among [1519] you [5209], not [3361] sparing [5339] the flock [4168].

¹⁸ How [3754] that [3754] they told [3004] you [5213] there should be [2071] mockers [1703] in [1722] the last [2078] time [5550], who should walk [4198] after [2596] their own [1438] ungodly [763] lusts [1939].

¹⁸ Little children [3813], it is [2076] the last [2078] time [5610]: and [2532] as [2531] ye have heard [191] that [3754] antichrist [500] shall come [2064], even [2532] now [3568] are there [1096] many [4183] antichrists [500]; whereby [3606] we know [1097] that [3754] it is [2076] the last [2078] time [5610].

³ Knowing [1097] this [5124] first [4412], that [3754] there shall come [2064] in [1909] the last [2078] days [2250] scoffers [1703], walking [4198] after [2596] their [846] own [2398] lusts [1939],

¹¹ And [2532] many [4183] false prophets [5578] shall rise [1453], and [2532] shall deceive [4105] many [4183].
¹² And [2532] because [1223] iniquity [458] shall abound [4129], the love [26] of many [4183] shall wax cold [5594].
¹³ But [1161] he that shall endure [5278] unto [1519] the end [5056], the same [3778] shall be saved [4982].
¹⁴ And [2532] this [5124] gospel [2098] of the kingdom [932] shall be preached [2784] in [1722] all [3650] the world [3625] for [1519] a witness [3142] unto all [3956] nations [1484]; and [2532] then [5119] shall the end [5056] come [2240].
¹⁵ When [3752] ye therefore [3767] shall see [1492] the abomination [946] of desolation [2050], spoken of [4483] by [1223] Daniel [1158] the prophet [4396], stand [2476] [2476] in [1722] the holy [40] place [5117], (whoso readeth [314], let him understand [3539]
¹⁶ Then [5119] let them which be in [1722] Judaea [2449] flee [5343] into [1909] the mountains [3735]:
¹⁷ Let him which is on [1909] the housetop [1430] not [3361] come down [2597] to take [142] any thing [5100] out of [1537] his [846] house [3614]:
¹⁸ [2532] Neither [3361] let him which is in [1722] the field [68] return [1994] back [3694] to take [142] his [846] clothes [2440].
¹⁹ And [1161] woe [3759] unto them that are [2192] with [1722] child [1064], and [2532] to them that give suck [2337] in [1722] those [1565] days [2250]!
²⁰ But [1161] pray ye [4336] that [3363] your [5216] flight [5437] be [1096] not [3363] in the winter [5494], neither [3366] on [1722] the sabbath day [4521]:
²¹ For [1063] then [5119] shall be [2071] great [3173] tribulation [2347], such as [3634] was [1096] not [3756] since [575] the beginning [746] of the world [2889] to this [2193] time [3568], no [3761], nor ever [3364] shall be [1096].
²² And [2532] except [1508] those [1565] days [2250] should be shortened [2856], there [3756] should [302] no [3956] flesh [4561] be saved [4982]: but [1161] for [1223] the elect's sake [1588] those [1565] days [2250] shall be shortened [2856].
²³ Then [5119] if [1437] any man [5100] shall say [2036] unto you [5213], Lo [2400], here [5602] is Christ [5547], or [2228] there [5602]; believe [4100] it not [3361].
²⁴ For [1063] there shall arise [1453] false Christs [5580], and [2532] false prophets [5578], and [2532] shall shew [1325] great [3173] signs [4592] and [2532] wonders [5059]; insomuch that [5620], if [1487] it were possible [1415], they shall deceive [4105] the very [2532] elect [1588].

³⁰ For the ships [06716] of Chittim [03794] shall come [0935] against him: therefore he shall be grieved [03512], and return [07725], and have indignation [02194] against the holy [06944] covenant [01285]: so shall he do [06213]; he shall even return [07725], and have intelligence [0995] with them that forsake [05800] the holy [06944] covenant [01285].

²³ And in the latter time [0319] of their kingdom [04438], when the transgressors [06586] are come to the full [08552], a king [04428] of fierce [05794] countenance [06440], and understanding [0995] dark sentences [02420], shall stand up [05975].

²⁵ And he shall speak [04449] great words [04406] against [06655] the most High [05943], and shall wear out [01080] the saints [06922] of the most High [05946], and think [05452] to change [08133] times [02166] and laws [01882]: and they shall be given [03052] into his hand [03028] until [05705] a time [05732] and times [05732] and the dividing [06387] of time [05732].

¹ Then [1161] he called [4779] his [846] twelve [1427] disciples [3101] together [4779], and [2532] gave [1325] them [846] power [1411] and authority [1849] over [1909] all [3956] devils [1140], and [2532] to cure [2323] diseases [3554].

¹⁵ And [2532] to have [2192] power [1849] to heal [2323] sicknesses [3554], and [2532] to cast out [1544] devils [1140]:

¹ And [2532] when he had called [4341] unto him his [846] twelve [1427] disciples [3101], he gave [1325] them [846] power [1849] against unclean [169] spirits [4151], to [5620] cast [1544] them [846] out [1544], and [2532] to heal [2323] all manner [3956] of sickness [3554] and [2532] all manner [3956] of disease [3119].

²⁹ And [2532] he said [2036] unto her [846], For [1223] this [5126] saying [3056] go thy way [5217]; the devil [1140] is gone [1831] out of [1537] thy [4675] daughter [2364].
³⁰ And [2532] when she was come [565] to [1519] her [846] house [3624], she found [2147] the devil [1140] gone out [1831], and [2532] her daughter [2364] laid [906] upon [1909] the bed [2825].

¹⁸ And [2532] Jesus [2424] rebuked [2008] the devil [1140]; and [2532] he [846] departed [1831] out of [575] him [846]: and [2532] the child [3816] was cured [2323] from [575] that very [1565] hour [5610].

²⁷ And [1161] when he [846] went forth [1831] to [1909] land [1093], there met [5221] him [846] out of [1537] the city [4172] a certain [5100] man [435], which [3739] had [2192] devils [1140] long [1537] [2425] time [5550], and [2532] ware [1737] no [3756] clothes [2440], neither [2532] [3756] abode [3306] in [1722] any house [3614], but [235] in [1722] the tombs [3418].

³³ And [2532] in [1722] the synagogue [4864] there was [2258] a man [444], which had [2192] a spirit [4151] of an unclean [169] devil [1140], and [2532] cried out [349] with a loud [3173] voice [5456],

¹² For [3754] we [2254] wrestle [3823] not [3756] against [2076] [4314] flesh [4561] and [2532] blood [129], but [235] against [4314] principalities [746], against [4314] powers [1849], against [4314] the rulers [2888] of the darkness [4655] of this [5127] world [165], against [4314] spiritual [4152] wickedness [4189] in [1722] high [2032] places.

¹⁹ Thou [4771] believest [4100] that [3754] there is [2076] one [1520] God [2316]; thou doest [4160] well [2573]: the devils [1140] also [2532] believe [4100], and [2532] tremble [5425].

²⁰ And [2532] the rest [3062] of the men [444] which [3739] were [615] not [3756] killed [615] by [1722] these [5025] plagues [4127] yet [3777] repented [3340] not [3777] of [1537] the works [2041] of their [846] hands [5495], that [3363] they should [4352] not [3363] worship [4352] devils [1140], and [2532] idols [1497] of gold [5552], and [2532] silver [693], and [2532] brass [5470], and [2532] stone [3035], and [2532] of wood [3585]: which [3739] neither [3777] can [1410] see [991], nor [3777] hear [191], nor [3777] walk [4043]:

²⁰ But [235] I say, that [3754] the things which [3739] the Gentiles [1484] sacrifice [2380], they sacrifice [2380] to devils [1140], and [2532] not [3756] to God [2316]: and [1161] I would [2309] not [3756] that ye [5209] should have [1096] fellowship [2844] with devils [1140].

¹⁷ The same [3778] followed [2628] Paul [3972] and [2532] us [2254], and cried [2896], saying [3004], These [3778] men [444] are [1526] the servants [1401] of the most high [5310] God [2316], which [3748] shew [2605] unto us [2254] the way [3598] of salvation [4991].

⁴⁴ Ye [5210] are [2075] of [1537] your father [3962] the devil [1228], and [2532] the lusts [1939] of your [5216] father [3962] ye will [2309] do [4160]. He [1565] was [2258] a murderer [443] from [575] the beginning [746], and [2532] abode [2476] not [3756] in [1722] the truth [225], because [3754] there is [2076] no [3756] truth [225] in [1722] him [846]. When [3752] he speaketh [2980] a lie [5579], he speaketh [2980] of [1537] his own [2398]: for [3754] he is [2076] a liar [5583], and [2532] the father [3962] of it [846].

² Wherein [1722] [3739] in time past [4218] ye walked [4043] according to [2596] the course [165] of this [5127] world [2889], according to [2596] the prince [758] of the power [1849] of the air [109], the spirit [4151] that now [3568] worketh [1754] in [1722] the children [5207] of disobedience [543]:

¹⁴ The wild beasts of the desert [06728] shall also meet [06298] with the wild beasts of the island [0338], and the satyr [08163] shall cry [07121] to his fellow [07453]; the screech owl [03917] also shall rest [07280] there, and find [04672] for herself a place of rest [04494].

²¹ But wild beasts of the desert [06728] shall lie [07257] there; and their houses [01004] shall be full [04390] of doleful creatures [0255]; and owls [01323] [03284] shall dwell [07931] there, and satyrs [08163] shall dance [07540] there.

⁴³ [1161] When [3752] the unclean [169] spirit [4151] is gone [1831] out of [575] a man [444], he walketh [1330] through [1223] dry [504] places [5117], seeking [2212] rest [372], and [2532] findeth [2147] none [3756].

¹⁸ Then [1161] certain [5100] philosophers [5386] of the Epicureans [1946], and [2532] of the Stoicks [4770], encountered [4820] him [846]. And [2532] some [5100] said [3004], What [5101] will [302] [2309] this [3778] babbler [4691] say [3004]? [1161] other some, He seemeth [1380] to be [1511] a setter forth [2604] of strange [3581] gods [1140]: because [3754] he preached [2097] unto them [846] Jesus [2424], and [2532] the resurrection [386].

¹¹ In [1722] whom [3739] also [2532] ye are circumcised [4059] with the circumcision [4061] made without hands [886], in [1722] putting off [555] the body [4983] of the sins [266] of the flesh [4561] by [1722] the circumcision [4061] of Christ [5547]:

¹⁸ Having the understanding [1271] darkened [4654], being [5607] alienated [526] from the life [2222] of God [2316] through [1223] the ignorance [52] that is [5607] in [1722] them [846], because [1223] of the blindness [4457] of their [846] heart [2588]:

¹⁰ Always [3842] bearing about [4064] in [1722] the body [4983] the dying [3500] of the Lord [2962] Jesus [2424], that [2443] the life [2222] also [2532] of Jesus [2424] might be made manifest [5319] in [1722] our [2257] body [4983].

²² Even [1161] the righteousness [1343] of God [2316] which is by [1223] faith [4102] of Jesus [2424] Christ [5547] unto [1519] all [3956] and [2532] upon [1909] all [3956] them that believe [4100]: for [1063] there is [2076] no [3756] difference [1293]:

²⁸ Then [3767] said they [2036] unto [4314] him [846], What [5101] shall we do [4160] [4160], that [2443] we might work [2038] the works [2041] of God [2316]?

⁶⁹ And [2532] hath raised up [1453] an horn [2768] of salvation [4991] for us [2254] in [1722] the house [3624] of his [846] servant [3816] David [1138];

¹³ I know [1492] thy [4675] works [2041], and [2532] where [4226] thou dwellest [2730], even where [3699] Satan's [4567] seat [2362] is: and [2532] thou holdest fast [2902] my [3450] name [3686], and [2532] hast [720] not [3756] denied [720] my [3450] faith [4102], even [2532] in [1722] those days [2250] wherein [1722] [3739] Antipas [493] was my [3450] faithful [4103] martyr [3144], who [3739] was slain [615] among [3844] you [5213], where [3699] Satan [4567] dwelleth [2730].

¹ For this [5127] cause [5484] I [1473] Paul [3972], the prisoner [1198] of Jesus [2424] Christ [5547] for [5228] you [5216] Gentiles [1484],

⁵ For [3754] as [2531] the sufferings [3804] of Christ [5547] abound [4052] in [1519] us [2248], so [3779] our [2257] consolation [3874] also [2532] aboundeth [4052] by [1223] Christ [5547].

¹⁵ Salute [782] Philologus [5378], and [2532] Julia [2456], Nereus [3517], and [2532] his [846] sister [79], and [2532] Olympas [3652], and [2532] all [3956] the saints [40] which are with [4862] them [846].

⁹ If [1487] we [2249] this day [4594] be examined [350] of [1909] the good deed done [2108] to the impotent [772] man [444], by [1722] what means [5101] he [3778] is made whole [4982];

²⁵ But [1161] when [3753] the people [3793] were put forth [1544], he went in [1525], and took [2902] her [846] by the hand [5495], and [2532] the maid [2877] arose [1453].

¹⁵ So [3767] when [3753] they had dined [709], Jesus [2424] saith [3004] to Simon [4613] Peter [4074], Simon [4613], son of Jonas [2495], lovest thou [25] me [3165] more than [4119] these [5130]? He saith [3004] unto him [846], Yea [3483], Lord [2962]; thou [4771] knowest [1492] that [3754] I love [5368] thee [4571]. He saith [3004] unto him [846], Feed [1006] my [3450] lambs [721].

⁹ As [2531] the Father [3962] hath loved [25] me [3165], so [2504] have [25] I [2504] loved [25] you [5209]: continue ye [3306] in [1722] my [1699] love [26].
¹⁰ If [1437] ye keep [5083] my [3450] commandments [1785], ye shall abide [3306] in [1722] my [3450] love [26]; even as [2531] I [1473] have kept [5083] my [3450] Father's [3962] commandments [1785], and [2532] abide [3306] in [1722] his [846] love [26].

¹ Beloved [27], believe [4100] not [3361] every [3956] spirit [4151], but [235] try [1381] the spirits [4151] whether [1487] they are [2076] of [1537] God [2316]: because [3754] many [4183] false prophets [5578] are gone out [1831] into [1519] the world [2889].

² Hath [2980] in [1909] these [5130] last [2078] days [2250] spoken [2980] unto us [2254] by [1722] his Son [5207], whom [3739] he hath appointed [5087] heir [2818] of all things [3956], by [1223] whom [3739] also [2532] he made [4160] the worlds [165];

⁵ Remember ye [3421] not [3756], that [3754], when I was [5607] yet [2089] with [4314] you [5209], I told [3004] you [5213] these things [5023]?

¹ And [2532] I saw [1492] an angel [32] come down [2597] from [1537] heaven [3772], having [2192] the key [2807] of the bottomless pit [12] and [2532] a great [3173] chain [254] in [1909] his [846] hand [5495].
² And [2532] he laid hold on [2902] the dragon [1404], that old [744] serpent [3789], which [3739] is [2076] the Devil [1228], and [2532] Satan [4567], and [2532] bound [1210] him [846] a thousand [5507] years [2094],
³ And [2532] cast [906] him [846] into [1519] the bottomless pit [12], and [2532] shut [2808] him [846] up [2808], and [2532] set a seal [4972] upon [1883] him [846], that [3363] he should deceive [4105] the nations [1484] no [3363] more [2089], till [891] the thousand [5507] years [2094] should be fulfilled [5055]: and [2532] after [3326] that [5023] he [846] must [1163] be loosed [3089] a little [3398] season [5550].
⁴ And [2532] I saw [1492] thrones [2362], and [2532] they sat [2523] upon [1909] them [846], and [2532] judgment [2917] was given [1325] unto them [846]: and [2532] I saw the souls [5590] of them that were beheaded [3990] for [1223] the witness [3141] of Jesus [2424], and [2532] for [1223] the word [3056] of God [2316], and [2532] which [3748] had [4352] not [3756] worshipped [4352] the beast [2342], neither [3777] his [846] image [1504], [2532] neither [3756] had received [2983] his mark [5480] upon [1909] their [846] foreheads [3359], or [2532] in [1909] their [846] hands [5495]; and [2532] they lived [2198] and [2532] reigned [936] with [3326] Christ [5547] a thousand [5507] years [2094].
⁵ But [1161] the rest [3062] of the dead [3498] lived [326] not [3756] again [326] until [2193] the thousand [5507] years [2094] were finished [5055]. This [3778] is the first [4413] resurrection [386].
⁶ Blessed [3107] and [2532] holy [40] is he that hath [2192] part [3313] in [1722] the first [4413] resurrection [386]: on [1909] such [5130] the second [1208] death [2288] hath [2192] no [3756] power [1849], but [235] they shall be [2071] priests [2409] of God [2316] and [2532] of Christ [5547], and [2532] shall reign [936] with [3326] him [846] a thousand [5507] years [2094].
⁷ And [2532] when [3752] the thousand [5507] years [2094] are expired [5055], Satan [4567] shall be loosed [3089] out of [1537] his [846] prison [5438],
⁸ And [2532] shall go out [1831] to deceive [4105] the nations [1484] which [3588] are in [1722] the four [5064] quarters [1137] of the earth [1093], Gog [1136] and [2532] Magog [3098], to gather [4863] them [846] together [4863] to [1519] battle [4171]: the number [706] of whom [3739] is as [5613] the sand [285] of the sea [2281].
⁹ And [2532] they went up [305] on [1909] the breadth [4114] of the earth [1093], and [2532] compassed [2944] the camp [3925] of the saints [40] about [2944], and [2532] the beloved [25] city [4172]: and [2532] fire [4442] came down [2597] from [575] God [2316] out of [1537] heaven [3772], and [2532] devoured [2719] them [846].
¹⁰ And [2532] the devil [1228] that deceived [4105] them [846] was cast [906] into [1519] the lake [3041] of fire [4442] and [2532] brimstone [2303], where [3699] the beast [2342] and [2532] the false prophet [5578] are, and [2532] shall be tormented [928] day [2250] and [2532] night [3571] for [1519] ever [165] and ever [165].
¹¹ And [2532] I saw [1492] a great [3173] white [3022] throne [2362], and [2532] him that sat [2521] on [1909] it [846], from [575] whose [3739] face [4383] the earth [1093] and [2532] the heaven [3772] fled away [5343]; and [2532] there was found [2147] no [3756] place [5117] for them [846].
¹² And [2532] I saw [1492] the dead [3498], small [3398] and [2532] great [3173], stand [2476] before [1799] God [2316]; and [2532] the books [975] were opened [455]: and [2532] another [243] book [975] was opened [455], which [3739] is [2076] the book of life [2222]: and [2532] the dead [3498] were judged [2919] out of [1537] those things which were written [1125] in [1722] the books [975], according to [2596] their [846] works [2041].
¹³ And [2532] the sea [2281] gave up [1325] the dead [3498] which [3588] were in [1722] it [846]; and [2532] death [2288] and [2532] hell [86] delivered up [1325] the dead [3498] which [3588] were in [1722] them [846]: and [2532] they were judged [2919] every man [1538] according to [2596] their [846] works [2041].
¹⁴ And [2532] death [2288] and [2532] hell [86] were cast [906] into [1519] the lake [3041] of fire [4442]. This [3778] is [2076] the second [1208] death [2288].
¹⁵ And [2532] whosoever [1536] was [2147] not [3756] found [2147] written [1125] in [1722] the book [976] of life [2222] was cast [906] into [1519] the lake [3041] of fire [4442].

²¹ Ye cannot [3756] [1410] drink [4095] the cup [4221] of the Lord [2962], and [2532] the cup [4221] of devils [1140]: ye cannot [3756] [1410] be partakers [3348] of the Lord's [2962] table [5132], and [2532] of the table [5132] of devils [1140].

¹⁰ For whoremongers [4205], for them that defile themselves with mankind [733], for menstealers [405], for liars [5583], for perjured persons [1965], and [2532] if there be any [1536] other thing [2087] that is contrary [480] to sound [5198] doctrine [1319];

¹⁵ This [3778] wisdom [4678] descendeth [2076] [2718] not [3756] from above [509], but [235] is earthly [1919], sensual [5591], devilish [1141].

³² Behold, I am against them that prophesy [05012] false [08267] dreams [02472], saith [05002] the LORD [03068], and do tell [05608] them, and cause my people [05971] to err [08582] by their lies [08267], and by their lightness [06350]; yet I sent [07971] them not, nor commanded [06680] them: therefore they shall not profit [03276] this people [05971] at all [03276], saith [05002] the LORD [03068].

⁴ And be it indeed [0551] that I have erred [07686], mine error [04879] remaineth [03885] with myself.

⁸ By [1223] honour [1391] and [2532] dishonour [819], by [1223] evil report [1426] and [2532] good report [2162]: as [5613] deceivers [4108], and [2532] yet true [227];

¹⁰ And [2532] the devil [1228] that deceived [4105] them [846] was cast [906] into [1519] the lake [3041] of fire [4442] and [2532] brimstone [2303], where [3699] the beast [2342] and [2532] the false prophet [5578] are, and [2532] shall be tormented [928] day [2250] and [2532] night [3571] for [1519] ever [165] and ever [165].

⁹ And [2532] the great [3173] dragon [1404] was cast out [906], that old [744] serpent [3789], called [2564] the Devil [1228], and [2532] Satan [4567], which [3588] deceiveth [4105] the whole [3650] world [3625]: he was cast out [906] into [1519] the earth [1093], and [2532] his [846] angels [32] were cast out [906] with [3326] him [846].

⁷ For [3754] many [4183] deceivers [4108] are entered [1525] into [1519] the world [2889], who [3588] confess [3670] not [3361] that Jesus [2424] Christ [5547] is come [2064] in [1722] the flesh [4561]. This [3778] is [2076] a deceiver [4108] and [2532] an antichrist [500].

²¹ And [1161] they are informed [2727] of [4012] thee [4675], that [3754] thou teachest [1321] all [3956] the Jews [2453] which are among [2596] the Gentiles [1484] to [575] forsake [646] Moses [3475], saying [3004] that they [846] ought [4059] not [3361] to circumcise [4059] their children [5043], neither [3366] to walk [4043] after the customs [1485].

⁸ For [5228] this thing [5127] I besought [3870] the Lord [2962] thrice [5151], that [2443] it might depart [868] from [575] me [1700].

³ As [2531] I besought [3870] thee [4571] to abide still [4357] at [1722] Ephesus [2181], when I went [4198] into [1519] Macedonia [3109], that [2443] thou mightest charge [3853] some [5100] that they teach [2085] no [3361] other doctrine [2085],

¹ This [5124] know [1097] also [1161], that [3754] in [1722] the last [2078] days [2250] perilous [5467] times [2540] shall come [1764].

⁷ And [1161] he said [2036] unto [4314] them [846], It is [2076] not [3756] for you [5216] to know [1097] the times [5550] or [2228] the seasons [2540], which [3739] the Father [3962] hath put [5087] in [1722] his own [2398] power [1849].

¹ At [1722] that [1565] time [2540] Jesus [2424] went [4198] on the sabbath day [4521] through [1223] the corn [4702]; and [1161] his [846] disciples [3101] were an hungred [3983], and [2532] began [756] to pluck [5089] the ears of corn [4719], and [2532] to eat [2068].