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Selected Verse: Numbers 21:21 - Strong Concordance

Verse	Translation	Text
Nu 21:21	Strong Concordance	And Israel [03478] sent [07971] messengers [04397] unto Sihon [05511] king [04428] of the Amorites [0567], saying [0559],
	King James	And Israel sent messengers unto Sihon king of the Amorites, saying,

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A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]
Israel sent messengers unto Sihon--The rejection of their respectful and pacific message was resented--Sihon was discomfited in battle--and Israel obtained by right of conquest the whole of the Amorite dominions.

A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]

Israel sent messengers unto Sihon--The rejection of their respectful and pacific message was resented--Sihon was discomfited in battle--and Israel obtained by right of conquest the whole of the Amorite dominions.

Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78]
Defeat of the Amorite Kings, Sihon of Heshbon and Og of Bashan, and Conquest of their Kingdoms. Num 21:21-23 When the Israelites reached the eastern border of the kingdom of the Amorite king Sihon (see at Num 21:13), they sent messengers to him, as they had previously done to the king of Edom, to ask permission to pass peaceably through his territory upon the high road (cf. Num 21:22 and Num 20:17); and Sihon refused this request, just as the king of Edom had done, and marched with all his people against the Israelites. But whereas the Lord forbade the Israelites to make war upon their kinsmen the Edomites, He now commanded them to make war upon the Amorite king, and take possession of his land (Deu 2:24-25); for the Amorites belonged to the Canaanitish tribes which were ripe for the judgment of extermination (Gen 15:16). And if, notwithstanding this, the Israelites sent to him with words of peace (Deu 2:26), this was simply done to leave the decision of his fate in his own hand (see at Deu 2:24). Sihon came out against the Israelites into the desert as far as Jahza, where a battle was fought, in which he was defeated. The accounts of the Onom. concerning Jahza, which was situated, according to Eusebius, between Medamon (Medaba) and Debous (Dibon, see above), and according to Jerome, between Medaba and Deblatai, may be reconciled with the statement that it was in the desert, provided we assume that it was not in a straight line between the places named, but in a more easterly direction on the edge of the desert, near to the commencement of the Wady Wale, a conclusion to which the juxtaposition of Jahza and Mephaot in Jos 13:18; Jos 21:37, and Jer 48:21, also points (see at Jos 13:18). Num 21:24-26 Israel smote him with the edge of the sword, i.e., without quarter (see Gen 34:26), and took possession of his land "from Arnon (Mojeb) to the Jabbok, unto the children of Ammon," i.e., to the upper Jabbok, the modern Nahr or Moiet Ammn. The Jabbok, now called Zerka, i.e., the blue, does not take its rise, as Seetzen supposed, on the pilgrim-road by the castle of Zerka; but its source, according to Abulfeda (tab. Syr. p. 91) and Buckingham, is the Nahr Ammn, which flowed down from the ancient capital of the Ammonites, and was called the upper Jabbok, and formed the western border of the Ammonites towards the kingdom of Sihon, and subsequently towards Gad (Deu 2:37; Deu 3:16; Jos 12:2). "For the border of the Ammonites was strong" (firm), i.e., strongly fortified; "for which reason Sihon had only been able to push his conquests to the upper Jabbok, not into the territory of the Ammonites." This explanation of Knobel's is perfectly correct; since the reason why the Israelites did not press forward into the country of the Ammonites, was not the strength of their frontier, but the word of the Lord, "Make not war upon them, for I shall give thee no possession of the land of the children of Ammon" (Deu 2:19). God had only promised the patriarchs, on behalf of their posterity, that He would give them the land of Canaan, which was bounded towards the east by the Jordan (Num 34:2-12; compared with Gen 10:19 and Gen 15:19-21); and the Israelites would have received no settlement at all on the eastern side of the Jordan, had not the Canaanitish branch of the Amorites extended itself to that side in the time of Moses, and conquered a large portion of the possessions of the Moabites, and also (according to Jos 13:25, as compared with Jdg 11:13) of the Ammonites, driving back the Moabites as far as the Arnon, and the Ammonites behind the Nahr Ammn. With the defeat of the Amorites, all the land that they had conquered passed into the possession of the Israelites, who took possession of these towns (cf. Deu 2:34-36). The statement in Num 21:25, that Israel settled in all the towns of the Amorites, is somewhat anticipatory of the history itself, as the settlement did not occur till Moses gave the conquered land to the tribes of Reuben and Gad for a possession (Num 32). The only places mentioned here are Heshbon and her daughters, i.e., the smaller towns belonging to it (cf. Jos 13:17), which are enumerated singly in Num 32:34-38, and Jos 13:15-28. In explanation of the expression, "Heshbon and her daughters," it is added in Num 21:26, that Heshbon was the city, i.e., the capital of the Amorite king Sihon, who had made war upon the former king of Moab, and taken away all his land as far as the Arnon. Consequently, even down to the time of the predecessor of Balak, the king of the Moabites at that time, the land to the north of the Arnon, and probably even as far as the lower Jabbok, to which point the kingdom of Sihon extended (see Deu 3:12-13; Jos 12:5), belonged to the Moabites. And in accordance with this, the country where the Israelites encamped opposite to Jericho, before crossing the Jordan, is reckoned as part of the land of Moab (Deu 1:5; Deu 29:1; Deu 32:49; Deu 34:5-6), and called Arboth Moab (see Num 22:1); whilst the women who seduced the Israelites to join in the idolatrous worship of Baal Peor are called daughters of Moab (Num 25:1). Num 21:27-28 The glorious conquest and destruction of the capital of the powerful king of the Amorites, in the might of the Lord their God, inspired certain composers of proverbs (משׁלים denom. from משׁל) to write songs in commemoration of the victory. Three strophes are given from a song of this kind, and introduced with the words "therefore,' sc., because Heshbon had fallen in this manner, "the composers of proverbs say." The first strophe (Num 21:27 and Num 21:28) runs thus: "Come to Heshbon: Built and restored be the city of Sihon! For fire went out of Heshbon; flames from the city of Sihon. It devoured Ar Moab, the lords of the heights of Arnon." The summons to come to Heshbon and build this ruined city up again, was not addressed to the Israelites, but to the conquered Amorites, and is to be interpreted as ironical (F. v. Meyer; Ewald, Gesch. ii. pp. 267, 268): "Come to Heshbon, ye victorious Amorites, and build your royal city up again, which we have laid in ruins! A fire has gone out of it, and burned up Ar Moab, and the lords of the heights of the Arnon." The reference is to the war-fire, which the victorious Amorites kindled from Heshbon in the land of Moab under the former king of Moab; that is to say, the war in which they subjugated Ar Moab and the possessors of the heights of Arnon. Ar Moab (see at Num 21:15) appears to have been formerly the capital of all Moabitis, or at least of that portion of it which was situated upon the northern side of the Arnon; and the prominence given to it in Deu 2:9, Deu 2:18, Deu 2:29, is in harmony with this. The heights of Arnon are mentioned as the limits to which Sihon had carried his victorious supremacy over Moab. The "lords" of these heights are the Moabites. Num 21:29 Second strophe: "Woe to thee, Moab! Thou art lost, people of Chemosh! He has given up his sons as fugitives, and his daughters into captivity-To Sihon, king of the Amorites." The poet here turns to Moab, and announces its overthrow. Chemosh (כּמושׁ, from כּמושׁ = כּבשׁ, subactor, domitor) was the leading deity of the Moabites (Jer 48:7) as well as of the Ammonites (Jdg 11:24), and related not only to Milcom, a god of the Ammonites, but also to the early Canaanitish deity Baal and Moloch. According to a statement of Jerome (on Isa 15:1-9), it was only another name for Baal Peor, probably a god of the sun, which was worshipped as the king of his nation and the god of war. He is found in this character upon the coins of Areopolis, standing upon a column, with a sword in his right hand and a lance and shield in the left, and with two fire-torches by his side (cf. Ekhel doctr. numm. vet. iii. p. 504), and was appeased by the sacrifice of children in times of great distress (Kg2 3:27). Further information, and to some extent a different view, are found in the article by J. G. Mller in Herzog's Cyclopaedia. The subject to נתן is neither Moab nor Jehovah, but Chemosh. The thought is this: as Chemosh, the god of Moab, could not deliver his people from the Amorite king; so now that Israel has conquered the latter, Moab is utterly lost. In the triumph which Israel celebrated over Moab through conquering its conquerors, there is a forewarning expressed of the ultimate subjection of Moab under the sceptre of Israel. Num 21:30 Third strophe, in which the woe evoked upon Moab is justified: "We cast them down: Heshbon is lost even to Dibon; and we laid it waste even to Nophah, with fire to Medeba." ונּירם is the first pers. pl. imperf. Kal of ירה with the suffix ־ם for ־ם (as in Exo 29:30). ירה, to cast arrows, to shoot down (Exo 19:13): figuratively to throw to the ground (Exo 15:4). נשּׁים for נשּׁם, first pers. pl. imperf. Hiph. of נשׁה, synonymous with נצה, Jer 4:7. The suffixes of both verbs refer to the Moabites as the inhabitants of the cities named. Accordingly Heshbon also is construed as a masculine, because it was not the town as such, but the inhabitants, that were referred to. Heshbon, the residence of king Sihon, stood pretty nearly in the centre between the Arnon and the Jabbok (according to the Onom. twenty Roman miles from the Jordan, opposite to Jericho), and still exists in extensive ruins with deep bricked wells, under the old name of Hesbn (cf. v. Raumer, Pal. p. 262). On Dibon in the south, not more than an hour from Arnon. Nophach is probably the same as Nobach, Jdg 8:11, but not the same as Kenath, which was altered into Nobach (Num 32:42). According to Jdg 8:11, it was near Jogbeha, not far from the eastern desert; and in all probability it still exists in the ruined place called Nowakis (Burckhardt, p. 619; Buckingham, ii. p. 46; Robinson, App. p. 188), to the north-west of Ammn (Rabbath-Ammon). Nophach, therefore, is referred to as a north-eastern town or fortress, and contrasted with Dibon, which was in the south. The words which follow, עד מ אשׁר, "which to Medeba," yield no intelligible meaning. The Seventy give πῦρ ἐπὶ Μ. (fire upon Medeba), and seem to have adopted the reading עד אשׁ. In the Masoretic punctuation also, the ר in אשׁר is marked as suspicious by a punct. extraord. Apparently, therefore, אשׁר was a copyist's error of old standing for אשׁ, and is to be construed as governed by the verb נשּׁים, "with fire to Medeba." The city was about two hours to the south-east of Heshbon, and is still to be seen in ruins bearing the name of Medaba, upon the top of a hill of about half-an-hour's journey in circumference (Burckhardt, p. 625; v. Raumer, Pal. pp. 264-5). (Note: Ewald and Bleek (Einleitung in d. A. T. p. 200) are both agreed that this ode was composed on the occasion of the defeat of the Amorites by the Israelites, and particularly on the capture of the capital Heshbon, as it depicts the fall of Heshbon in the most striking way; and this city was rebuilt shortly afterwards by the Reubenites, and remained ever afterwards a city of some importance. Knobel, on the other hand, has completely misunderstood the meaning and substance of the verses quoted, and follows some of the earliest commentators, such as Clericus and others, in regarding the ode as an Amoritish production, and interpreting it as relating to the conquest and fortification of Heshbon by Sihon.) Num 21:31-32 When Israel was sitting, i.e., encamped, in the land of the Amorites, Moses reconnoitred Jaezer, after which the Israelites took "its daughters," i.e., the smaller places dependent upon Jaezer, and destroyed the Amorites who dwelt in them. It is evident from Num 32:35, that Jaezer was not only conquered, but destroyed. This city, which was situated, according to the Onom. (s. v. Jazer), ten Roman miles to the west of Philadelphia (Rabbath-Ammon), and fifteen Roman miles to the north of Heshbon, is most probably to be sought for (as Seetzen supposes, i. pp. 397, 406, iv. p. 216) in the ruins of es Szr, at the source of the Nahr Szr, in the neighbourhood of which Seetzen found some pools, which are probably the remains of "the sea of Jazer," mentioned in Jer 48:32. There is less probability in Burckhardt's conjecture, that it is to be found in the ruins of Ain Hazir, near Kherbet el Suk, to the south-west of es Salt; though v. Raumer (Pal. p. 262) decides in its favour (see my Commentary on Jos 13:25). Num 21:33-35 The Israelites then turned towards the north, and took the road to Bashan, where king Og came against them with his people, to battle at Edrei. From what point it was that the Israelites entered upon the expedition against Bashan, is not stated either here or in Deu 3:1., where Moses recapitulates these events, and gives a more detailed account of the conquests than he does here, simply because it was of no importance in relation to the main object of the history. We have probably to picture the conquest of the kingdoms of Sihon and Og as taking place in the following manner: namely, that after Sihon had been defeated at Jahza, and his capital had been speedily taken in consequence of this victory, Moses sent detachments of his army from the places of encampment mentioned in Num 21:16, Num 21:18-20, into the different divisions of his kingdom, for the purpose of taking possession of their towns. After the conquest of the whole of the territory of Sihon, the main army advanced to Bashan and defeated king Og in a great battle at Edrei, whereupon certain detachments of the army were again despatched, under courageous generals, to secure the conquest of the different parts of his kingdom (cf. Num 32:39, Num 32:41-42). The kingdom of Og embraced the northern half of Gilead, i.e., the country between the Jabbok and the Mandhur (Deu 3:13; Jos 12:5), the modern Jebel Ajlun, and "all Bashan," or "all the region of Argob" (Deu 3:4, Deu 3:13-14), the modern plain of Jaulan and Hauran, which extended eastwards to Salcah, north-eastwards to Edrei (Deu 3:10), and northwards to Geshur and Maacha (Jos 12:5). For further remarks, see Deu 3:10. There were two towns in Bashan of the name of Edrei. One of them, which is mentioned in Deu 1:4 and Jos 12:4, along with Ashtaroth, as a second residence of king Og, is described in the Onom. (s. v. Ashtaroth and Edrei) as six Roman miles, i.e., fully two hours, from Ashtaroth, and twenty-four or twenty-five miles from Bostra, and called Adraa or Adara. This is the modern Der or Dra (in Burckhardt, p. 385; Seetzen, i. pp. 363, 364), and Draah, Idderat (in Buckingham, Syr. ii. p. 146), a place which still exists, consisting of a number of miserable houses, built for the most part of basalt, and standing upon a small elevation in a treeless, hilly region, with the ruins of an old church and other smaller buildings, supposed to belong to the time when Draa, Adraa (as urbs Arabiae), was an episcopal see, on the east of the pilgrim-road between Remtha and Mezareib, by the side of a small wady (see Ritter, Erdk. xv. pp. 838ff.). The other Edrei, which is mentioned in Deu 3:10 as the north-western frontier of Bashan, was farther towards the north, and is still to be seen in the ruins of Zorah or Ethra (see at Deu 3:10). In the present instance the southern town is intended, which was not far from the south-west frontier of Bashan, as Og certainly did not allow the Israelites to advance to the northern frontier of his kingdom before he gave them battle. Num 21:34-35 Just as in the case of Sihon, the Lord had also promised the Israelites a victory over Og, and had given him into their power, so that they smote him, with his sons and all his people, without leaving any remnant, and executed the ban, according to Deu 2:34, upon both the kings. (See the notes on Deut 3).

Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78]

Defeat of the Amorite Kings, Sihon of Heshbon and Og of Bashan, and Conquest of their Kingdoms.

Num 21:21-23

When the Israelites reached the eastern border of the kingdom of the Amorite king Sihon (see at Num 21:13), they sent messengers to him, as they had previously done to the king of Edom, to ask permission to pass peaceably through his territory upon the high road (cf. Num 21:22 and Num 20:17); and Sihon refused this request, just as the king of Edom had done, and marched with all his people against the Israelites. But whereas the Lord forbade the Israelites to make war upon their kinsmen the Edomites, He now commanded them to make war upon the Amorite king, and take possession of his land (Deu 2:24-25); for the Amorites belonged to the Canaanitish tribes which were ripe for the judgment of extermination (Gen 15:16). And if, notwithstanding this, the Israelites sent to him with words of peace (Deu 2:26), this was simply done to leave the decision of his fate in his own hand (see at Deu 2:24). Sihon came out against the Israelites into the desert as far as Jahza, where a battle was fought, in which he was defeated. The accounts of the Onom. concerning Jahza, which was situated, according to Eusebius, between Medamon (Medaba) and Debous (Dibon, see above), and according to Jerome, between Medaba and Deblatai, may be reconciled with the statement that it was in the desert, provided we assume that it was not in a straight line between the places named, but in a more easterly direction on the edge of the desert, near to the commencement of the Wady Wale, a conclusion to which the juxtaposition of Jahza and Mephaot in Jos 13:18; Jos 21:37, and Jer 48:21, also points (see at Jos 13:18).

Num 21:24-26

Israel smote him with the edge of the sword, i.e., without quarter (see Gen 34:26), and took possession of his land "from Arnon (Mojeb) to the Jabbok, unto the children of Ammon," i.e., to the upper Jabbok, the modern Nahr or Moiet Ammn. The Jabbok, now called Zerka, i.e., the blue, does not take its rise, as Seetzen supposed, on the pilgrim-road by the castle of Zerka; but its source, according to Abulfeda (tab. Syr. p. 91) and Buckingham, is the Nahr Ammn, which flowed down from the ancient capital of the Ammonites, and was called the upper Jabbok, and formed the western border of the Ammonites towards the kingdom of Sihon, and subsequently towards Gad (Deu 2:37; Deu 3:16; Jos 12:2). "For the border of the Ammonites was strong" (firm), i.e., strongly fortified; "for which reason Sihon had only been able to push his conquests to the upper Jabbok, not into the territory of the Ammonites." This explanation of Knobel's is perfectly correct; since the reason why the Israelites did not press forward into the country of the Ammonites, was not the strength of their frontier, but the word of the Lord, "Make not war upon them, for I shall give thee no possession of the land of the children of Ammon" (Deu 2:19). God had only promised the patriarchs, on behalf of their posterity, that He would give them the land of Canaan, which was bounded towards the east by the Jordan (Num 34:2-12; compared with Gen 10:19 and Gen 15:19-21); and the Israelites would have received no settlement at all on the eastern side of the Jordan, had not the Canaanitish branch of the Amorites extended itself to that side in the time of Moses, and conquered a large portion of the possessions of the Moabites, and also (according to Jos 13:25, as compared with Jdg 11:13) of the Ammonites, driving back the Moabites as far as the Arnon, and the Ammonites behind the Nahr Ammn. With the defeat of the Amorites, all the land that they had conquered passed into the possession of the Israelites, who took possession of these towns (cf. Deu 2:34-36). The statement in Num 21:25, that Israel settled in all the towns of the Amorites, is somewhat anticipatory of the history itself, as the settlement did not occur till Moses gave the conquered land to the tribes of Reuben and Gad for a possession (Num 32). The only places mentioned here are Heshbon and her daughters, i.e., the smaller towns belonging to it (cf. Jos 13:17), which are enumerated singly in Num 32:34-38, and Jos 13:15-28. In explanation of the expression, "Heshbon and her daughters," it is added in Num 21:26, that Heshbon was the city, i.e., the capital of the Amorite king Sihon, who had made war upon the former king of Moab, and taken away all his land as far as the Arnon. Consequently, even down to the time of the predecessor of Balak, the king of the Moabites at that time, the land to the north of the Arnon, and probably even as far as the lower Jabbok, to which point the kingdom of Sihon extended (see Deu 3:12-13; Jos 12:5), belonged to the Moabites. And in accordance with this, the country where the Israelites encamped opposite to Jericho, before crossing the Jordan, is reckoned as part of the land of Moab (Deu 1:5; Deu 29:1; Deu 32:49; Deu 34:5-6), and called Arboth Moab (see Num 22:1); whilst the women who seduced the Israelites to join in the idolatrous worship of Baal Peor are called daughters of Moab (Num 25:1).

Num 21:27-28

The glorious conquest and destruction of the capital of the powerful king of the Amorites, in the might of the Lord their God, inspired certain composers of proverbs (משׁלים denom. from משׁל) to write songs in commemoration of the victory. Three strophes are given from a song of this kind, and introduced with the words "therefore,' sc., because Heshbon had fallen in this manner, "the composers of proverbs say." The first strophe (Num 21:27 and Num 21:28) runs thus: "Come to Heshbon: Built and restored be the city of Sihon! For fire went out of Heshbon; flames from the city of Sihon. It devoured Ar Moab, the lords of the heights of Arnon." The summons to come to Heshbon and build this ruined city up again, was not addressed to the Israelites, but to the conquered Amorites, and is to be interpreted as ironical (F. v. Meyer; Ewald, Gesch. ii. pp. 267, 268): "Come to Heshbon, ye victorious Amorites, and build your royal city up again, which we have laid in ruins! A fire has gone out of it, and burned up Ar Moab, and the lords of the heights of the Arnon." The reference is to the war-fire, which the victorious Amorites kindled from Heshbon in the land of Moab under the former king of Moab; that is to say, the war in which they subjugated Ar Moab and the possessors of the heights of Arnon. Ar Moab (see at Num 21:15) appears to have been formerly the capital of all Moabitis, or at least of that portion of it which was situated upon the northern side of the Arnon; and the prominence given to it in Deu 2:9, Deu 2:18, Deu 2:29, is in harmony with this. The heights of Arnon are mentioned as the limits to which Sihon had carried his victorious supremacy over Moab. The "lords" of these heights are the Moabites.

Num 21:29

Second strophe: "Woe to thee, Moab! Thou art lost, people of Chemosh! He has given up his sons as fugitives, and his daughters into captivity-To Sihon, king of the Amorites." The poet here turns to Moab, and announces its overthrow. Chemosh (כּמושׁ, from כּמושׁ = כּבשׁ, subactor, domitor) was the leading deity of the Moabites (Jer 48:7) as well as of the Ammonites (Jdg 11:24), and related not only to Milcom, a god of the Ammonites, but also to the early Canaanitish deity Baal and Moloch. According to a statement of Jerome (on Isa 15:1-9), it was only another name for Baal Peor, probably a god of the sun, which was worshipped as the king of his nation and the god of war. He is found in this character upon the coins of Areopolis, standing upon a column, with a sword in his right hand and a lance and shield in the left, and with two fire-torches by his side (cf. Ekhel doctr. numm. vet. iii. p. 504), and was appeased by the sacrifice of children in times of great distress (Kg2 3:27). Further information, and to some extent a different view, are found in the article by J. G. Mller in Herzog's Cyclopaedia. The subject to נתן is neither Moab nor Jehovah, but Chemosh. The thought is this: as Chemosh, the god of Moab, could not deliver his people from the Amorite king; so now that Israel has conquered the latter, Moab is utterly lost. In the triumph which Israel celebrated over Moab through conquering its conquerors, there is a forewarning expressed of the ultimate subjection of Moab under the sceptre of Israel.

Num 21:30

Third strophe, in which the woe evoked upon Moab is justified: "We cast them down: Heshbon is lost even to Dibon; and we laid it waste even to Nophah, with fire to Medeba." ונּירם is the first pers. pl. imperf. Kal of ירה with the suffix ־ם for ־ם (as in Exo 29:30). ירה, to cast arrows, to shoot down (Exo 19:13): figuratively to throw to the ground (Exo 15:4). נשּׁים for נשּׁם, first pers. pl. imperf. Hiph. of נשׁה, synonymous with נצה, Jer 4:7. The suffixes of both verbs refer to the Moabites as the inhabitants of the cities named. Accordingly Heshbon also is construed as a masculine, because it was not the town as such, but the inhabitants, that were referred to. Heshbon, the residence of king Sihon, stood pretty nearly in the centre between the Arnon and the Jabbok (according to the Onom. twenty Roman miles from the Jordan, opposite to Jericho), and still exists in extensive ruins with deep bricked wells, under the old name of Hesbn (cf. v. Raumer, Pal. p. 262). On Dibon in the south, not more than an hour from Arnon. Nophach is probably the same as Nobach, Jdg 8:11, but not the same as Kenath, which was altered into Nobach (Num 32:42). According to Jdg 8:11, it was near Jogbeha, not far from the eastern desert; and in all probability it still exists in the ruined place called Nowakis (Burckhardt, p. 619; Buckingham, ii. p. 46; Robinson, App. p. 188), to the north-west of Ammn (Rabbath-Ammon). Nophach, therefore, is referred to as a north-eastern town or fortress, and contrasted with Dibon, which was in the south. The words which follow, עד מ אשׁר, "which to Medeba," yield no intelligible meaning. The Seventy give πῦρ ἐπὶ Μ. (fire upon Medeba), and seem to have adopted the reading עד אשׁ. In the Masoretic punctuation also, the ר in אשׁר is marked as suspicious by a punct. extraord. Apparently, therefore, אשׁר was a copyist's error of old standing for אשׁ, and is to be construed as governed by the verb נשּׁים, "with fire to Medeba." The city was about two hours to the south-east of Heshbon, and is still to be seen in ruins bearing the name of Medaba, upon the top of a hill of about half-an-hour's journey in circumference (Burckhardt, p. 625; v. Raumer, Pal. pp. 264-5).

(Note: Ewald and Bleek (Einleitung in d. A. T. p. 200) are both agreed that this ode was composed on the occasion of the defeat of the Amorites by the Israelites, and particularly on the capture of the capital Heshbon, as it depicts the fall of Heshbon in the most striking way; and this city was rebuilt shortly afterwards by the Reubenites, and remained ever afterwards a city of some importance. Knobel, on the other hand, has completely misunderstood the meaning and substance of the verses quoted, and follows some of the earliest commentators, such as Clericus and others, in regarding the ode as an Amoritish production, and interpreting it as relating to the conquest and fortification of Heshbon by Sihon.)

Num 21:31-32

When Israel was sitting, i.e., encamped, in the land of the Amorites, Moses reconnoitred Jaezer, after which the Israelites took "its daughters," i.e., the smaller places dependent upon Jaezer, and destroyed the Amorites who dwelt in them. It is evident from Num 32:35, that Jaezer was not only conquered, but destroyed. This city, which was situated, according to the Onom. (s. v. Jazer), ten Roman miles to the west of Philadelphia (Rabbath-Ammon), and fifteen Roman miles to the north of Heshbon, is most probably to be sought for (as Seetzen supposes, i. pp. 397, 406, iv. p. 216) in the ruins of es Szr, at the source of the Nahr Szr, in the neighbourhood of which Seetzen found some pools, which are probably the remains of "the sea of Jazer," mentioned in Jer 48:32. There is less probability in Burckhardt's conjecture, that it is to be found in the ruins of Ain Hazir, near Kherbet el Suk, to the south-west of es Salt; though v. Raumer (Pal. p. 262) decides in its favour (see my Commentary on Jos 13:25).

Num 21:33-35

The Israelites then turned towards the north, and took the road to Bashan, where king Og came against them with his people, to battle at Edrei. From what point it was that the Israelites entered upon the expedition against Bashan, is not stated either here or in Deu 3:1., where Moses recapitulates these events, and gives a more detailed account of the conquests than he does here, simply because it was of no importance in relation to the main object of the history. We have probably to picture the conquest of the kingdoms of Sihon and Og as taking place in the following manner: namely, that after Sihon had been defeated at Jahza, and his capital had been speedily taken in consequence of this victory, Moses sent detachments of his army from the places of encampment mentioned in Num 21:16, Num 21:18-20, into the different divisions of his kingdom, for the purpose of taking possession of their towns. After the conquest of the whole of the territory of Sihon, the main army advanced to Bashan and defeated king Og in a great battle at Edrei, whereupon certain detachments of the army were again despatched, under courageous generals, to secure the conquest of the different parts of his kingdom (cf. Num 32:39, Num 32:41-42). The kingdom of Og embraced the northern half of Gilead, i.e., the country between the Jabbok and the Mandhur (Deu 3:13; Jos 12:5), the modern Jebel Ajlun, and "all Bashan," or "all the region of Argob" (Deu 3:4, Deu 3:13-14), the modern plain of Jaulan and Hauran, which extended eastwards to Salcah, north-eastwards to Edrei (Deu 3:10), and northwards to Geshur and Maacha (Jos 12:5). For further remarks, see Deu 3:10. There were two towns in Bashan of the name of Edrei. One of them, which is mentioned in Deu 1:4 and Jos 12:4, along with Ashtaroth, as a second residence of king Og, is described in the Onom. (s. v. Ashtaroth and Edrei) as six Roman miles, i.e., fully two hours, from Ashtaroth, and twenty-four or twenty-five miles from Bostra, and called Adraa or Adara. This is the modern Der or Dra (in Burckhardt, p. 385; Seetzen, i. pp. 363, 364), and Draah, Idderat (in Buckingham, Syr. ii. p. 146), a place which still exists, consisting of a number of miserable houses, built for the most part of basalt, and standing upon a small elevation in a treeless, hilly region, with the ruins of an old church and other smaller buildings, supposed to belong to the time when Draa, Adraa (as urbs Arabiae), was an episcopal see, on the east of the pilgrim-road between Remtha and Mezareib, by the side of a small wady (see Ritter, Erdk. xv. pp. 838ff.). The other Edrei, which is mentioned in Deu 3:10 as the north-western frontier of Bashan, was farther towards the north, and is still to be seen in the ruins of Zorah or Ethra (see at Deu 3:10). In the present instance the southern town is intended, which was not far from the south-west frontier of Bashan, as Og certainly did not allow the Israelites to advance to the northern frontier of his kingdom before he gave them battle.

Num 21:34-35

Just as in the case of Sihon, the Lord had also promised the Israelites a victory over Og, and had given him into their power, so that they smote him, with his sons and all his people, without leaving any remnant, and executed the ban, according to Deu 2:34, upon both the kings. (See the notes on Deut 3).

Explanatory Notes on the Whole Bible, by John Wesley [1754-65]
Sent messengers - By God's allowance, that so Sihon's malice might be the more evident and inexcusable, and their title to his country more clear in the judgment of all men, as being gotten by a just war, into which they were forced for their own defence.

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³⁴ And the LORD [03068] said [0559] unto Moses [04872], Fear [03372] him not: for I have delivered [05414] him into thy hand [03027], and all his people [05971], and his land [0776]; and thou shalt do [06213] to him as thou didst [06213] unto Sihon [05511] king [04428] of the Amorites [0567], which dwelt [03427] at Heshbon [02809].
³⁵ So they smote [05221] him, and his sons [01121], and all his people [05971], until there was none [01115] left [07604] him alive [08300]: and they possessed [03423] his land [0776].

¹⁰ All the cities [05892] of the plain [04334], and all Gilead [01568], and all Bashan [01316], unto Salchah [05548] and Edrei [0154], cities [05892] of the kingdom [04467] of Og [05747] in Bashan [01316].

⁴ And the coast [01366] of Og [05747] king [04428] of Bashan [01316], which was of the remnant [03499] of the giants [07497], that dwelt [03427] at Ashtaroth [06252] and at Edrei [0154],

⁴ After [0310] he had slain [05221] Sihon [05511] the king [04428] of the Amorites [0567], which dwelt [03427] in Heshbon [02809], and Og [05747] the king [04428] of Bashan [01316], which dwelt [03427] at Astaroth [06252] in Edrei [0154]:

⁵ And reigned [04910] in mount [02022] Hermon [02768], and in Salcah [05548], and in all Bashan [01316], unto the border [01366] of the Geshurites [01651] and the Maachathites [04602], and half [02677] Gilead [01568], the border [01366] of Sihon [05511] king [04428] of Heshbon [02809].

¹³ And the rest [03499] of Gilead [01568], and all Bashan [01316], being the kingdom [04467] of Og [05747], gave [05414] I unto the half [02677] tribe [07626] of Manasseh [04519]; all the region [02256] of Argob [0709], with all Bashan [01316], which [01931] was called [07121] the land [0776] of giants [07497].
¹⁴ Jair [02971] the son [01121] of Manasseh [04519] took [03947] all the country [02256] of Argob [0709] unto the coasts [01366] of Geshuri [01651] and Maachathi [04602]; and called [07121] them after his own name [08034], Bashanhavothjair [01316] [02334], unto this day [03117].

⁴ And we took [03920] all his cities [05892] at that time [06256], there was not a city [07151] which we took [03947] not from them, threescore [08346] cities [05892], all the region [02256] of Argob [0709], the kingdom [04467] of Og [05747] in Bashan [01316].

⁴¹ And Jair [02971] the son [01121] of Manasseh [04519] went [01980] and took [03920] the small towns [02333] thereof, and called [07121] them Havothjair [02334].
⁴² And Nobah [05025] went [01980] and took [03920] Kenath [07079], and the villages [01323] thereof, and called [07121] it Nobah [05025], after his own name [08034].

³⁹ And the children [01121] of Machir [04353] the son [01121] of Manasseh [04519] went [03212] to Gilead [01568], and took [03920] it, and dispossessed [03423] the Amorite [0567] which was in it.

¹⁸ The princes [08269] digged [02658] the well [0875], the nobles [05081] of the people [05971] digged [03738] it, by the direction of the lawgiver [02710], with their staves [04938]. And from the wilderness [04057] they went to Mattanah [04980]:
¹⁹ And from Mattanah [04980] to Nahaliel [05160]: and from Nahaliel [05160] to Bamoth [01120]:
²⁰ And from Bamoth [01120] in the valley [01516], that is in the country [07704] of Moab [04124], to the top [07218] of Pisgah [06449], which looketh [08259] toward [06440] Jeshimon [03452].

¹⁶ And from thence they went to Beer [0876]: that is the well [0875] whereof the LORD [03068] spake [0559] unto Moses [04872], Gather [0622] the people [05971] together [0622], and I will give [05414] them water [04325].

¹ Then we turned [06437], and went up [05927] the way [01870] to Bashan [01316]: and Og [05747] the king [04428] of Bashan [01316] came out [03318] against [07125] us, he and all his people [05971], to battle [04421] at Edrei [0154].

³³ And they turned [06437] and went up [05927] by the way [01870] of Bashan [01316]: and Og [05747] the king [04428] of Bashan [01316] went out [03318] against [07125] them, he, and all his people [05971], to the battle [04421] at Edrei [0154].
³⁴ And the LORD [03068] said [0559] unto Moses [04872], Fear [03372] him not: for I have delivered [05414] him into thy hand [03027], and all his people [05971], and his land [0776]; and thou shalt do [06213] to him as thou didst [06213] unto Sihon [05511] king [04428] of the Amorites [0567], which dwelt [03427] at Heshbon [02809].
³⁵ So they smote [05221] him, and his sons [01121], and all his people [05971], until there was none [01115] left [07604] him alive [08300]: and they possessed [03423] his land [0776].

²⁵ And their coast [01366] was Jazer [03270], and all the cities [05892] of Gilead [01568], and half [02677] the land [0776] of the children [01121] of Ammon [05983], unto Aroer [06177] that is before [06440] Rabbah [07237];

³² O vine [01612] of Sibmah [07643], I will weep [01058] for thee with the weeping [01065] of Jazer [03270]: thy plants [05189] are gone over [05674] the sea [03220], they reach [05060] even to the sea [03220] of Jazer [03270]: the spoiler [07703] is fallen [05307] upon thy summer fruits [07019] and upon thy vintage [01210].

³⁵ And Atroth, Shophan [05855], and Jaazer [03270], and Jogbehah [03011],

³¹ Thus Israel [03478] dwelt [03427] in the land [0776] of the Amorites [0567].
³² And Moses [04872] sent [07971] to spy out [07270] Jaazer [03270], and they took [03920] the villages [01323] thereof, and drove out [03423] [03423] the Amorites [0567] that were there.

¹¹ And Gideon [01439] went up [05927] by the way [01870] of them that dwelt [07931] in tents [0168] on the east [06924] of Nobah [05025] and Jogbehah [03011], and smote [05221] the host [04264]: for the host [04264] was secure [0983].

⁴² And Nobah [05025] went [01980] and took [03920] Kenath [07079], and the villages [01323] thereof, and called [07121] it Nobah [05025], after his own name [08034].

⁷ The lion [0738] is come up [05927] from his thicket [05441], and the destroyer [07843] of the Gentiles [01471] is on his way [05265]; he is gone forth [03318] from his place [04725] to make [07760] thy land [0776] desolate [08047]; and thy cities [05892] shall be laid waste [05327], without an inhabitant [03427].

⁴ Pharaoh's [06547] chariots [04818] and his host [02428] hath he cast [03384] into the sea [03220]: his chosen [04005] captains [07991] also are drowned [02883] in the Red [05488] sea [03220].

¹³ There shall not an hand [03027] touch [05060] it, but he shall surely [05619] be stoned [05619], or [0176] shot [03384] through [03384]; whether it be beast [0929] or [0518] man [0376], it shall not live [02421]: when the trumpet [03104] soundeth long [04900], they shall come up [05927] to the mount [02022].

³⁰ And that son [01121] that is priest [03548] in his stead shall put [03847] them on seven [07651] days [03117], when he cometh [0935] into the tabernacle [0168] of the congregation [04150] to minister [08334] in the holy [06944] place.

³⁰ We have shot [03384] at them; Heshbon [02809] is perished [06] even unto Dibon [01769], and we have laid them waste [08074] even unto Nophah [05302], which reacheth unto Medeba [04311].

²⁷ Then he took [03947] his eldest [01060] son [01121] that should have reigned [04427] in his stead, and offered [05927] him for a burnt offering [05930] upon the wall [02346]. And there was great [01419] indignation [07110] against Israel [03478]: and they departed [05265] from him, and returned [07725] to their own land [0776].

¹ The burden [04853] of Moab [04124]. Because in the night [03915] Ar [06144] of Moab [04124] is laid waste [07703], and brought to silence [01820]; because in the night [03915] Kir [07024] of Moab [04124] is laid waste [07703], and brought to silence [01820];
² He is gone up [05927] to Bajith [01006], and to Dibon [01769], the high places [01116], to weep [01065]: Moab [04124] shall howl [03213] over Nebo [05015], and over Medeba [04311]: on all their heads [07218] shall be baldness [07144], and every beard [02206] cut off [01438].
³ In their streets [02351] they shall gird [02296] themselves with sackcloth [08242]: on the tops [01406] of their houses, and in their streets [07339], every one shall howl [03213], weeping [01065] abundantly [03381].
⁴ And Heshbon [02809] shall cry [02199], and Elealeh [0500]: their voice [06963] shall be heard [08085] even unto Jahaz [03096]: therefore the armed soldiers [02502] of Moab [04124] shall cry out [07321]; his life [05315] shall be grievous [03415] unto him.
⁵ My heart [03820] shall cry out [02199] for Moab [04124]; his fugitives [01280] shall flee unto Zoar [06820], an heifer [05697] of three years old [07992]: for by the mounting up [04608] of Luhith [03872] with weeping [01065] shall they go it up [05927]; for in the way [01870] of Horonaim [02773] they shall raise up [05782] a cry [02201] of destruction [07667].
⁶ For the waters [04325] of Nimrim [05249] shall be desolate [04923]: for the hay [02682] is withered away [03001], the grass [01877] faileth [03615], there is no green thing [03418].
⁷ Therefore the abundance [03502] they have gotten [06213], and that which they have laid up [06486], shall they carry away [05375] to the brook [05158] of the willows [06155].
⁸ For the cry [02201] is gone round about [05362] the borders [01366] of Moab [04124]; the howling [03215] thereof unto Eglaim [097], and the howling [03215] thereof unto Beerelim [0879].
⁹ For the waters [04325] of Dimon [01775] shall be full [04390] of blood [01818]: for I will bring [07896] more [03254] upon Dimon [01775], lions [0738] upon him that escapeth [06413] of Moab [04124], and upon the remnant [07611] of the land [0127].

²⁴ Wilt not thou possess [03423] that which Chemosh [03645] thy god [0430] giveth thee to possess [03423]? So whomsoever the LORD [03068] our God [0430] shall drive out [03423] from before [06440] us, them will we possess [03423].

⁷ For because thou hast trusted [0982] in thy works [04639] and in thy treasures [0214], thou shalt also be taken [03920]: and Chemosh [03645] shall go forth [03318] into captivity [01473] with his priests [03548] and his princes [08269] together [03162].

²⁹ Woe [0188] to thee, Moab [04124]! thou art undone [06], O people [05971] of Chemosh [03645]: he hath given [05414] his sons [01121] that escaped [06412], and his daughters [01323], into captivity [07622] unto Sihon [05511] king [04428] of the Amorites [0567].

²⁹ (As the children [01121] of Esau [06215] which dwell [03427] in Seir [08165], and the Moabites [04125] which dwell [03427] in Ar [06144], did [06213] unto me;) until I shall pass over [05674] Jordan [03383] into the land [0776] which the LORD [03068] our God [0430] giveth [05414] us.

¹⁸ Thou art to pass over [05674] through Ar [06144], the coast [01366] of Moab [04124], this day [03117]:

⁹ And the LORD [03068] said [0559] unto me, Distress [06696] not the Moabites [04124], neither contend [01624] with them in battle [04421]: for I will not give [05414] thee of their land [0776] for a possession [03425]; because I have given [05414] Ar [06144] unto the children [01121] of Lot [03876] for a possession [03425].

¹⁵ And at the stream [0793] of the brooks [05158] that goeth down [05186] to the dwelling [03427] of Ar [06144], and lieth [08172] upon the border [01366] of Moab [04124].

²⁸ For there is a fire [0784] gone out [03318] of Heshbon [02809], a flame [03852] from the city [07151] of Sihon [05511]: it hath consumed [0398] Ar [06144] of Moab [04124], and the lords of the high places [01181] of Arnon [0769].

²⁷ Wherefore they that speak in proverbs [04911] say [0559], Come [0935] into Heshbon [02809], let the city [05892] of Sihon [05511] be built [01129] and prepared [03559]:

²⁷ Wherefore they that speak in proverbs [04911] say [0559], Come [0935] into Heshbon [02809], let the city [05892] of Sihon [05511] be built [01129] and prepared [03559]:
²⁸ For there is a fire [0784] gone out [03318] of Heshbon [02809], a flame [03852] from the city [07151] of Sihon [05511]: it hath consumed [0398] Ar [06144] of Moab [04124], and the lords of the high places [01181] of Arnon [0769].

¹ And Israel [03478] abode [03427] in Shittim [07851], and the people [05971] began [02490] to commit whoredom [02181] with the daughters [01323] of Moab [04124].

¹ And the children [01121] of Israel [03478] set forward [05265], and pitched [02583] in the plains [06160] of Moab [04124] on this side [05676] Jordan [03383] by Jericho [03405].

⁵ So Moses [04872] the servant [05650] of the LORD [03068] died [04191] there in the land [0776] of Moab [04124], according to the word [06310] of the LORD [03068].
⁶ And he buried [06912] him in a valley [01516] in the land [0776] of Moab [04124], over against [04136] Bethpeor [01047]: but no man [0376] knoweth [03045] of his sepulchre [06900] unto this day [03117].

⁴⁹ Get thee up [05927] into this mountain [02022] Abarim [05682], unto mount [02022] Nebo [05015], which is in the land [0776] of Moab [04124], that is over against [06440] Jericho [03405]; and behold [07200] the land [0776] of Canaan [03667], which I give [05414] unto the children [01121] of Israel [03478] for a possession [0272]:

¹ These are the words [01697] of the covenant [01285], which the LORD [03068] commanded [06680] Moses [04872] to make [03772] with the children [01121] of Israel [03478] in the land [0776] of Moab [04124], beside the covenant [01285] which he made [03772] with them in Horeb [02722].

⁵ On this side [05676] Jordan [03383], in the land [0776] of Moab [04124], began [02974] Moses [04872] to declare [0874] this law [08451], saying [0559],

¹² And this land [0776], which we possessed [03423] at that time [06256], from Aroer [06177], which is by the river [05158] Arnon [0769], and half [02677] mount [02022] Gilead [01568], and the cities [05892] thereof, gave [05414] I unto the Reubenites [07206] and to the Gadites [01425].
¹³ And the rest [03499] of Gilead [01568], and all Bashan [01316], being the kingdom [04467] of Og [05747], gave [05414] I unto the half [02677] tribe [07626] of Manasseh [04519]; all the region [02256] of Argob [0709], with all Bashan [01316], which [01931] was called [07121] the land [0776] of giants [07497].

²⁶ For Heshbon [02809] was the city [05892] of Sihon [05511] the king [04428] of the Amorites [0567], who had fought [03898] against the former [07223] king [04428] of Moab [04124], and taken [03947] all his land [0776] out of his hand [03027], even unto Arnon [0769].

¹⁵ And Moses [04872] gave [05414] unto the tribe [04294] of the children [01121] of Reuben [07205] inheritance according to their families [04940].
¹⁶ And their coast [01366] was from Aroer [06177], that is on the bank [08193] of the river [05158] Arnon [0769], and the city [05892] that is in the midst [08432] of the river [05158], and all the plain [04334] by Medeba [04311];
¹⁷ Heshbon [02809], and all her cities [05892] that are in the plain [04334]; Dibon [01769], and Bamothbaal [01120], and Bethbaalmeon [01010],
¹⁸ And Jahazah [03096], and Kedemoth [06932], and Mephaath [04158],
¹⁹ And Kirjathaim [07156], and Sibmah [07643], and Zarethshahar [06890] in the mount [02022] of the valley [06010],
²⁰ And Bethpeor [01047], and Ashdothpisgah [0798] [0794], and Bethjeshimoth [01020],
²¹ And all the cities [05892] of the plain [04334], and all the kingdom [04468] of Sihon [05511] king [04428] of the Amorites [0567], which reigned [04427] in Heshbon [02809], whom Moses [04872] smote [05221] with the princes [05387] of Midian [04080], Evi [0189], and Rekem [07552], and Zur [06698], and Hur [02354], and Reba [07254], which were dukes [05257] of Sihon [05511], dwelling [03427] in the country [0776].
²² Balaam [01109] also the son [01121] of Beor [01160], the soothsayer [07080], did the children [01121] of Israel [03478] slay [02026] with the sword [02719] among them [0413] that were slain [02491] by them.
²³ And the border [01366] of the children [01121] of Reuben [07205] was Jordan [03383], and the border [01366] thereof. This was the inheritance [05159] of the children [01121] of Reuben [07205] after their families [04940], the cities [05892] and the villages [02691] thereof.
²⁴ And Moses [04872] gave [05414] inheritance unto the tribe [04294] of Gad [01410], even unto the children [01121] of Gad [01410] according to their families [04940].
²⁵ And their coast [01366] was Jazer [03270], and all the cities [05892] of Gilead [01568], and half [02677] the land [0776] of the children [01121] of Ammon [05983], unto Aroer [06177] that is before [06440] Rabbah [07237];
²⁶ And from Heshbon [02809] unto Ramathmizpeh [07434], and Betonim [0993]; and from Mahanaim [04266] unto the border [01366] of Debir [01688];
²⁷ And in the valley [06010], Betharam [01027], and Bethnimrah [01039], and Succoth [05523], and Zaphon [06829], the rest [03499] of the kingdom [04468] of Sihon [05511] king [04428] of Heshbon [02809], Jordan [03383] and his border [01366], even unto the edge [07097] of the sea [03220] of Chinnereth [03672] on the other side [05676] Jordan [03383] eastward [04217].
²⁸ This is the inheritance [05159] of the children [01121] of Gad [01410] after their families [04940], the cities [05892], and their villages [02691].

³⁴ And the children [01121] of Gad [01410] built [01129] Dibon [01769], and Ataroth [05852], and Aroer [06177],
³⁵ And Atroth, Shophan [05855], and Jaazer [03270], and Jogbehah [03011],
³⁶ And Bethnimrah [01039], and Bethharan [01028], fenced [04013] cities [05892]: and folds [01448] for sheep [06629].
³⁷ And the children [01121] of Reuben [07205] built [01129] Heshbon [02809], and Elealeh [0500], and Kirjathaim [07156],
³⁸ And Nebo [05015], and Baalmeon [01186], (their names [08034] being changed [04142] and Shibmah [07643]: and gave [07121] other names [08034] [08034] unto the cities [05892] which they builded [01129].

¹⁷ Heshbon [02809], and all her cities [05892] that are in the plain [04334]; Dibon [01769], and Bamothbaal [01120], and Bethbaalmeon [01010],

²⁵ And Israel [03478] took [03947] all these cities [05892]: and Israel [03478] dwelt [03427] in all the cities [05892] of the Amorites [0567], in Heshbon [02809], and in all the villages [01323] thereof.

³⁴ And we took [03920] all his cities [05892] at that time [06256], and utterly destroyed [02763] the men [04962], and the women [0802], and the little ones [02945], of every city [05892], we left [07604] none to remain [08300]:
³⁵ Only the cattle [0929] we took for a prey [0962] unto ourselves, and the spoil [07998] of the cities [05892] which we took [03920].
³⁶ From Aroer [06177], which is by the brink [08193] of the river [05158] of Arnon [0769], and from the city [05892] that is by the river [05158], even unto Gilead [01568], there was not one city [07151] too strong [07682] for us: the LORD [03068] our God [0430] delivered [05414] all unto us [06440]:

¹³ And the king [04428] of the children [01121] of Ammon [05983] answered [0559] unto the messengers [04397] of Jephthah [03316], Because Israel [03478] took away [03947] my land [0776], when they came up [05927] out of Egypt [04714], from Arnon [0769] even unto Jabbok [02999], and unto Jordan [03383]: now therefore restore those lands again [07725] peaceably [07965].

¹⁹ The Kenites [07017], and the Kenizzites [07074], and the Kadmonites [06935],
²⁰ And the Hittites [02850], and the Perizzites [06522], and the Rephaims [07497],
²¹ And the Amorites [0567], and the Canaanites [03669], and the Girgashites [01622], and the Jebusites [02983].

¹⁹ And the border [01366] of the Canaanites [03669] was from Sidon [06721], as thou comest [0935] to Gerar [01642], unto Gaza [05804]; as thou goest [0935], unto Sodom [05467], and Gomorrah [06017], and Admah [0126], and Zeboim [06636], even unto Lasha [03962].

² Command [06680] the children [01121] of Israel [03478], and say [0559] unto them, When ye come [0935] into the land [0776] of Canaan [03667]; (this is the land [0776] that shall fall [05307] unto you for an inheritance [05159], even the land [0776] of Canaan [03667] with the coasts [01367] thereof:)
³ Then your south [05045] quarter [06285] shall be from the wilderness [04057] of Zin [06790] along by the coast [03027] of Edom [0123], and your south [05045] border [01366] shall be the outmost coast [07097] of the salt [04417] sea [03220] eastward [06924]:
⁴ And your border [01366] shall turn [05437] from the south [05045] to the ascent [04608] of Akrabbim [04610], and pass on [05674] to Zin [06790]: and the going forth [08444] thereof shall be from the south [05045] to Kadeshbarnea [06947], and shall go on [03318] to Hazaraddar [02692], and pass on [05674] to Azmon [06111]:
⁵ And the border [01366] shall fetch a compass [05437] from Azmon [06111] unto the river [05158] of Egypt [04714], and the goings out [08444] of it shall be at the sea [03220].
⁶ And as for the western [03220] border [01366], ye shall even have the great [01419] sea [03220] for a border [01366]: this shall be your west [03220] border [01366].
⁷ And this shall be your north [06828] border [01366]: from the great [01419] sea [03220] ye shall point out [08376] for you mount [02022] Hor [02023]:
⁸ From mount [02022] Hor [02023] ye shall point out [08376] your border unto the entrance [0935] of Hamath [02574]; and the goings forth [08444] of the border [01366] shall be to Zedad [06657]:
⁹ And the border [01366] shall go on [03318] to Ziphron [02202], and the goings out [08444] of it shall be at Hazarenan [02704]: this shall be your north [06828] border [01366].
¹⁰ And ye shall point out [0184] your east [06924] border [01366] from Hazarenan [02704] to Shepham [08221]:
¹¹ And the coast [01366] shall go down [03381] from Shepham [08221] to Riblah [07247], on the east side [06924] of Ain [05871]; and the border [01366] shall descend [03381], and shall reach [04229] unto the side [03802] of the sea [03220] of Chinnereth [03672] eastward [06924]:
¹² And the border [01366] shall go down [03381] to Jordan [03383], and the goings out [08444] of it shall be at the salt [04417] sea [03220]: this shall be your land [0776] with the coasts [01367] thereof round about [05439].

¹⁹ And when thou comest nigh [07126] over against [04136] the children [01121] of Ammon [05983], distress [06696] them not, nor meddle [01624] with them: for I will not give [05414] thee of the land [0776] of the children [01121] of Ammon [05983] any possession [03425]; because I have given [05414] it unto the children [01121] of Lot [03876] for a possession [03425].

² Sihon [05511] king [04428] of the Amorites [0567], who dwelt [03427] in Heshbon [02809], and ruled [04910] from Aroer [06177], which is upon the bank [08193] of the river [05158] Arnon [0769], and from the middle [08432] of the river [05158], and from half [02677] Gilead [01568], even unto the river [05158] Jabbok [02999], which is the border [01366] of the children [01121] of Ammon [05983];

¹⁶ And unto the Reubenites [07206] and unto the Gadites [01425] I gave [05414] from Gilead [01568] even unto the river [05158] Arnon [0769] half [08432] the valley [05158], and the border [01366] even unto the river [05158] Jabbok [02999], which is the border [01366] of the children [01121] of Ammon [05983];

³⁷ Only unto the land [0776] of the children [01121] of Ammon [05983] thou camest [07126] not, nor unto any place [03027] of the river [05158] Jabbok [02999], nor unto the cities [05892] in the mountains [02022], nor unto whatsoever the LORD [03068] our God [0430] forbad [06680] us.

²⁶ And they slew [02026] Hamor [02544] and Shechem [07927] his son [01121] with the edge [06310] of the sword [02719], and took [03947] Dinah [01783] out [03947] of Shechem's [07927] house [01004], and went out [03318].

²⁴ And Israel [03478] smote [05221] him with the edge [06310] of the sword [02719], and possessed [03423] his land [0776] from Arnon [0769] unto Jabbok [02999], even unto the children [01121] of Ammon [05983]: for the border [01366] of the children [01121] of Ammon [05983] was strong [05794].
²⁵ And Israel [03478] took [03947] all these cities [05892]: and Israel [03478] dwelt [03427] in all the cities [05892] of the Amorites [0567], in Heshbon [02809], and in all the villages [01323] thereof.
²⁶ For Heshbon [02809] was the city [05892] of Sihon [05511] the king [04428] of the Amorites [0567], who had fought [03898] against the former [07223] king [04428] of Moab [04124], and taken [03947] all his land [0776] out of his hand [03027], even unto Arnon [0769].

¹⁸ And Jahazah [03096], and Kedemoth [06932], and Mephaath [04158],

²¹ And judgment [04941] is come [0935] upon the plain [04334] country [0776]; upon Holon [02473], and upon Jahazah [03096], and upon Mephaath [04158],

³⁷ Kedemoth [06932] with her suburbs, and Mephaath [04158] with her suburbs; four [0702] cities [05892].

¹⁸ And Jahazah [03096], and Kedemoth [06932], and Mephaath [04158],

²⁶ And I sent [07971] messengers [04397] out of the wilderness [04057] of Kedemoth [06932] unto Sihon [05511] king [04428] of Heshbon [02809] with words [01697] of peace [07965], saying [0559],

¹⁶ But in the fourth [07243] generation [01755] they shall come hither [02008] again [07725]: for the iniquity [05771] of the Amorites [0567] is not yet [02008] full [08003].

²⁴ Rise ye up [06965], take your journey [05265], and pass over [05674] the river [05158] Arnon [0769]: behold [07200], I have given [05414] into thine hand [03027] Sihon [05511] the Amorite [0567], king [04428] of Heshbon [02809], and his land [0776]: begin [02490] to possess [03423] it, and contend [01624] with him in battle [04421].
²⁵ This day [03117] will I begin [02490] to put [05414] the dread [06343] of thee and the fear [03374] of thee upon the nations [06440] [05971] that are under the whole heaven [08064], who shall hear [08085] report [08088] of thee, and shall tremble [07264], and be in anguish [02342] because of thee [06440].

¹⁷ Let us pass [05674], I pray thee, through thy country [0776]: we will not pass [05674] through the fields [07704], or through the vineyards [03754], neither will we drink [08354] of the water [04325] of the wells [0875]: we will go [03212] by the king's [04428] high way [01870], we will not turn [05186] to the right hand [03225] nor to the left [08040], until we have passed [05674] thy borders [01366].

²² Let me pass [05674] through thy land [0776]: we will not turn [05186] into the fields [07704], or into the vineyards [03754]; we will not drink [08354] of the waters [04325] of the well [0875]: but we will go along [03212] by the king's [04428] high way [01870], until we be past [05674] thy borders [01366].

¹³ From thence they removed [05265], and pitched [02583] on the other side [05676] of Arnon [0769], which is in the wilderness [04057] that cometh out [03318] of the coasts [01366] of the Amorites [0567]: for Arnon [0769] is the border [01366] of Moab [04124], between Moab [04124] and the Amorites [0567].

²¹ And Israel [03478] sent [07971] messengers [04397] unto Sihon [05511] king [04428] of the Amorites [0567], saying [0559],
²² Let me pass [05674] through thy land [0776]: we will not turn [05186] into the fields [07704], or into the vineyards [03754]; we will not drink [08354] of the waters [04325] of the well [0875]: but we will go along [03212] by the king's [04428] high way [01870], until we be past [05674] thy borders [01366].
²³ And Sihon [05511] would not suffer [05414] Israel [03478] to pass [05674] through his border [01366]: but Sihon [05511] gathered [0622] all his people [05971] together [0622], and went out [03318] against [07125] Israel [03478] into the wilderness [04057]: and he came [0935] to Jahaz [03096], and fought [03898] against Israel [03478].