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Selected Verse: Isaiah 1:12 - Strong Concordance
| Verse |
Translation |
Text |
| Isa 1:12 |
Strong Concordance |
When ye come [0935] to appear [07200] before [06440] me, who hath required [01245] this at your hand [03027], to tread [07429] my courts [02691]? |
| |
King James |
When ye come to appear before me, who hath required this at your hand, to tread my courts? |
Summary Of Commentaries Associated With The Selected Verse
| A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882] |
appear before me--in the temple where the Shekinah, resting on the ark, was the symbol of God's presence (Exo 23:15; Psa 42:2).
who hath required this--as if you were doing God a service by such hypocritical offerings (Job 35:7). God did require it (Exo 23:17), but not in this spirit (Mic 6:6-7).
courts--areas, in which the worshippers were. None but priests entered the temple itself. |
| Notes on the Bible, by Albert Barnes, [1834] |
When you come to appear before me - The temple was in Jerusalem, and was regarded as the habitation, or dwelling-place, of the God of Israel. Particularly, the most holy place of the temple was deemed the place of his sacred abode. The Shekinah - from שׁכן shâkan, to dwell - the visible symbol of his presence, rested on the cover of the ark, and from this place he was accustomed to commune with his people, and to give responses to their requests. Hence, 'to appear before God,' Hebrew 'to be seen before my face,' פני לראות lerâ'ôth pânāy for פני את 'et pânāy, means to appear in his temple as a worshipper. The phrase occurs in this sense in the following places: Exo 34:23-24; Deu 31:11; Sa1 1:22; Psa 42:3.
Who hath required this - The Jews were required to appear there to worship God Exo 23:17; Deu 16:16; but it was not required that they should appear with that spirit and temper. A similar sentiment is expressed in Psa 50:16.
At your hand - From you. The emphasis in this expression is to be laid on your. 'Who has asked it of you?' It was indeed the duty of the humble, and the sincere, to tread those courts, but who had required such hypocrites as they were to do it? God sought the offerings of pure worshippers, not those of the hypocritical and the profane.
To tread my courts - The courts of the temple were the different areas or open spaces which surrounded it. None entered the temple itself but the priests. The people worshipped God in the courts assigned them around the temple. In one of those courts was the altar of burnt-offerings; and the sacrifices were all made there; see the notes at Mat 21:12. To tread his courts was an expression therefore, equivalent to, to worship. To tread the courts of the Lord here, has the idea of profanation. Who has required you to tread those courts with this hollow, heartless service? It is often used in the sense of treading down, or trampling on, Kg2 7:17-20; Dan 8:7-10; Isa 63:3-16. |
| Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78] |
| Jeremiah says this with regard to the sacrifices (Isa 7:22); Isaiah also applies it to visits to the temple: "When ye come to appear before my face, who hath required this at your hand, to tread my courts?" לראות is a contracted infinitive niphal for להראות (compare the hiphil forms contracted in the same manner in Isa 3:8; Isa 23:11). This is the standing expression for the appearance of all male Israelites in the temple at the three high festivals, as prescribed by the law, and then for visits to the temple generally (cf., Psa 42:3; Psa 84:8). "My face" (panai): according to Ewald, 279, c, this is used with the passive to designate the subject ("to be seen by the face of God"); but why not rather take it as an adverbial accusative, "in the face of," or "in front of," as it is used interchangeably with the prepositions ל, את, and אל? It is possible that לראות is pointed as it is here, and in Exo 34:24 and in Deu 31:11, instead of לראות - like יראוּ for יראוּ, in Exo 23:15; Exo 34:20, - for the purpose of avoiding an expression which might be so easily misunderstood as denoting a sight of God with the bodily eye. But the niphal is firmly established in Exo 23:17; Exo 34:23, and Sa1 1:22; and in the Mishnah and Talmud the terms ראיה and ראיון are applied without hesitation to appearance before God at the principal feasts. They visited the temple diligently enough indeed, but who had required this at their hand, i.e., required them to do this? Jehovah certainly had not. "To tread my courts" is in apposition to this, which it more clearly defines. Jehovah did not want them to appear before His face, i.e., He did not wish for this spiritless and undevotional tramping thither, this mere opus operatum, which might as well have been omitted, since it only wore out the floor. |
| Explanatory Notes on the Whole Bible, by John Wesley [1754-65] |
| To appear - Upon the three solemn feasts, or upon other occasions. Who required - The thing I commanded, was not only, nor chiefly, that you should offer external sacrifices, but that you should do it with true repentance, with faith in my promises, and sincere resolutions of devoting yourselves to my service. |
| Adam Clarke Commentary on the Whole Bible - Published 1810-1826 |
When ye come to appear - Instead of לראות leraoth, to appear, one MS. has לראות liroth, to see. See De Rossi. The appearing before God here refers chiefly to the three solemn annual festivals. See Exo 23:14.
Tread my courts (no more) - So the Septuagint divide the sentence, joining the end of this verse to the beginning of the next: Πατειν την αυλην μου, ου προσθησεσθε; "To tread my court ye shall not add - ye shall not be again accepted in worship." |
6 Wherewith shall I come before [06923] the LORD [03068], and bow [03721] myself before the high [04791] God [0430]? shall I come before [06923] him with burnt offerings [05930], with calves [05695] of a year [08141] old [01121]?
7 Will the LORD [03068] be pleased [07521] with thousands [0505] of rams [0352], or with ten thousands [07233] of rivers [05158] of oil [08081]? shall I give [05414] my firstborn [01060] for my transgression [06588], the fruit [06529] of my body [0990] for the sin [02403] of my soul [05315]?
17 Three [07969] times [06471] in the year [08141] all thy males [02138] shall appear [07200] before [06440] the Lord [0113] GOD [03068].
7 If thou be righteous [06663], what givest [05414] thou him? or what receiveth [03947] he of thine hand [03027]?
2 My soul [05315] thirsteth [06770] for God [0430], for the living [02416] God [0410]: when shall I come [0935] and appear [07200] before [06440] God [0430]?
15 Thou shalt keep [08104] the feast [02282] of unleavened bread [04682]: (thou shalt eat [0398] unleavened bread [04682] seven [07651] days [03117], as I commanded [06680] thee, in the time appointed [04150] of the month [02320] Abib [024]; for in it thou camest out [03318] from Egypt [04714]: and none shall appear [07200] before [06440] me empty [07387]:)
3 I have trodden [01869] the winepress [06333] alone; and of the people [05971] there was none [0376] with me: for I will tread [01869] them in mine anger [0639], and trample [07429] them in my fury [02534]; and their blood [05332] shall be sprinkled [05137] upon my garments [0899], and I will stain [01351] all my raiment [04403].
4 For the day [03117] of vengeance [05359] is in mine heart [03820], and the year [08141] of my redeemed [01350] is come [0935].
5 And I looked [05027], and there was none to help [05826]; and I wondered [08074] that there was none to uphold [05564]: therefore mine own arm [02220] brought salvation [03467] unto me; and my fury [02534], it upheld [05564] me.
6 And I will tread down [0947] the people [05971] in mine anger [0639], and make them drunk [07937] in my fury [02534], and I will bring down [03381] their strength [05332] to the earth [0776].
7 I will mention [02142] the lovingkindnesses [02617] of the LORD [03068], and the praises [08416] of the LORD [03068], according to all that the LORD [03068] hath bestowed [01580] on us, and the great [07227] goodness [02898] toward the house [01004] of Israel [03478], which he hath bestowed [01580] on them according to his mercies [07356], and according to the multitude [07230] of his lovingkindnesses [02617].
8 For he said [0559], Surely they are my people [05971], children [01121] that will not lie [08266]: so he was their Saviour [03467].
9 In all their affliction [06869] he was afflicted [06862], and the angel [04397] of his presence [06440] saved [03467] them: in his love [0160] and in his pity [02551] he redeemed [01350] them; and he bare [05190] them, and carried [05375] them all the days [03117] of old [05769].
10 But they rebelled [04784], and vexed [06087] his holy [06944] Spirit [07307]: therefore he was turned [02015] to be their enemy [0341], and he fought [03898] against them.
11 Then he remembered [02142] the days [03117] of old [05769], Moses [04872], and his people [05971], saying, Where is he that brought them up [05927] out of the sea [03220] with the shepherd [07462] of his flock [06629]? where is he that put [07760] his holy [06944] Spirit [07307] within [07130] him?
12 That led [03212] them by the right hand [03225] of Moses [04872] with his glorious [08597] arm [02220], dividing [01234] the water [04325] before [06440] them, to make [06213] himself an everlasting [05769] name [08034]?
13 That led [03212] them through the deep [08415], as an horse [05483] in the wilderness [04057], that they should not stumble [03782]?
14 As a beast [0929] goeth down [03381] into the valley [01237], the Spirit [07307] of the LORD [03068] caused him to rest [05117]: so didst thou lead [05090] thy people [05971], to make [06213] thyself a glorious [08597] name [08034].
15 Look down [05027] from heaven [08064], and behold [07200] from the habitation [02073] of thy holiness [06944] and of thy glory [08597]: where is thy zeal [07068] and thy strength [01369], the sounding [01995] of thy bowels [04578] and of thy mercies [07356] toward me? are they restrained [0662]?
16 Doubtless [03588] thou art our father [01], though Abraham [085] be ignorant [03808] [03045] of us, and Israel [03478] acknowledge [05234] us not: thou, O LORD [03068], art our father [01], our redeemer [01350]; thy name [08034] is from everlasting [05769].
7 And I saw [07200] him come [05060] close unto [0681] the ram [0352], and he was moved with choler [04843] against him, and smote [05221] the ram [0352], and brake [07665] his two [08147] horns [07161]: and there was no power [03581] in the ram [0352] to stand [05975] before [06440] him, but he cast him down [07993] to the ground [0776], and stamped [07429] upon him: and there was none that could deliver [05337] the ram [0352] out of his hand [03027].
8 Therefore the he [06842] goat [05795] waxed very [03966] great [01431]: and when he was strong [06105], the great [01419] horn [07161] was broken [07665]; and for it came up [05927] four [0702] notable ones [02380] toward the four [0702] winds [07307] of heaven [08064].
9 And out of one [0259] of them came forth [03318] a little [04704] horn [07161], which waxed exceeding [03499] great [01431], toward the south [05045], and toward the east [04217], and toward the pleasant [06643] land.
10 And it waxed great [01431], even to the host [06635] of heaven [08064]; and it cast down [05307] some of the host [06635] and of the stars [03556] to the ground [0776], and stamped [07429] upon them.
17 And the king [04428] appointed [06485] the lord [07991] on whose hand [03027] he leaned [08172] to have the charge of the gate [08179]: and the people [05971] trode [07429] upon him in the gate [08179], and he died [04191], as the man [0376] of God [0430] had said [01696], who spake [01696] when the king [04428] came down [03381] to him.
18 And it came to pass as the man [0376] of God [0430] had spoken [01696] to the king [04428], saying [0559], Two measures [05429] of barley [08184] for a shekel [08255], and a measure [05429] of fine flour [05560] for a shekel [08255], shall be to morrow [04279] about this time [06256] in the gate [08179] of Samaria [08111]:
19 And that lord [07991] answered [06030] the man [0376] of God [0430], and said [0559], Now, behold, if the LORD [03068] should make [06213] windows [0699] in heaven [08064], might such a thing [01697] be? And he said [0559], Behold, thou shalt see [07200] it with thine eyes [05869], but shalt not eat [0398] thereof.
20 And so it fell out unto him: for the people [05971] trode [07429] upon him in the gate [08179], and he died [04191].
12 And [2532] Jesus [2424] went [1525] into [1519] the temple [2411] of God [2316], and [2532] cast out [1544] all them [3956] that sold [4453] and [2532] bought [59] in [1722] the temple [2411], and [2532] overthrew [2690] the tables [5132] of the moneychangers [2855], and [2532] the seats [2515] of them that sold [4453] doves [4058],
16 But unto the wicked [07563] God [0430] saith [0559], What hast thou to do to declare [05608] my statutes [02706], or that thou shouldest take [05375] my covenant [01285] in thy mouth [06310]?
16 Three [07969] times [06471] in a year [08141] shall all thy males [02138] appear [07200] before [06440] the LORD [03068] thy God [0430] in the place [04725] which he shall choose [0977]; in the feast [02282] of unleavened bread [04682], and in the feast [02282] of weeks [07620], and in the feast [02282] of tabernacles [05521]: and they shall not appear [07200] before [06440] the LORD [03068] empty [07387]:
17 Three [07969] times [06471] in the year [08141] all thy males [02138] shall appear [07200] before [06440] the Lord [0113] GOD [03068].
3 My tears [01832] have been my meat [03899] day [03119] and night [03915], while they continually [03117] say [0559] unto me, Where is thy God [0430]?
22 But Hannah [02584] went not up [05927]; for she said [0559] unto her husband [0376], I will not go up until the child [05288] be weaned [01580], and then I will bring [0935] him, that he may appear [07200] before [06440] the LORD [03068], and there abide [03427] for [05704] ever [05769].
11 When all Israel [03478] is come [0935] to appear [07200] before [06440] the LORD [03068] thy God [0430] in the place [04725] which he shall choose [0977], thou shalt read [07121] this law [08451] before all Israel [03478] in their hearing [0241].
23 Thrice [06471] [07969] in the year [08141] shall all your men children [02138] appear [07200] before [06440] the Lord [0113] GOD [03068], the God [0430] of Israel [03478].
24 For I will cast out [03423] the nations [01471] before [06440] thee, and enlarge [07337] thy borders [01366]: neither shall any man [0376] desire [02530] thy land [0776], when thou shalt go up [05927] to appear [07200] before [06440] the LORD [03068] thy God [0430] thrice [06471] [07969] in the year [08141].
22 But Hannah [02584] went not up [05927]; for she said [0559] unto her husband [0376], I will not go up until the child [05288] be weaned [01580], and then I will bring [0935] him, that he may appear [07200] before [06440] the LORD [03068], and there abide [03427] for [05704] ever [05769].
23 Thrice [06471] [07969] in the year [08141] shall all your men children [02138] appear [07200] before [06440] the Lord [0113] GOD [03068], the God [0430] of Israel [03478].
17 Three [07969] times [06471] in the year [08141] all thy males [02138] shall appear [07200] before [06440] the Lord [0113] GOD [03068].
20 But the firstling [06363] of an ass [02543] thou shalt redeem [06299] with a lamb [07716]: and if thou redeem [06299] him not, then shalt thou break his neck [06202]. All the firstborn [01060] of thy sons [01121] thou shalt redeem [06299]. And none shall appear [07200] before [06440] me empty [07387].
15 Thou shalt keep [08104] the feast [02282] of unleavened bread [04682]: (thou shalt eat [0398] unleavened bread [04682] seven [07651] days [03117], as I commanded [06680] thee, in the time appointed [04150] of the month [02320] Abib [024]; for in it thou camest out [03318] from Egypt [04714]: and none shall appear [07200] before [06440] me empty [07387]:)
11 When all Israel [03478] is come [0935] to appear [07200] before [06440] the LORD [03068] thy God [0430] in the place [04725] which he shall choose [0977], thou shalt read [07121] this law [08451] before all Israel [03478] in their hearing [0241].
24 For I will cast out [03423] the nations [01471] before [06440] thee, and enlarge [07337] thy borders [01366]: neither shall any man [0376] desire [02530] thy land [0776], when thou shalt go up [05927] to appear [07200] before [06440] the LORD [03068] thy God [0430] thrice [06471] [07969] in the year [08141].
8 O LORD [03068] God [0430] of hosts [06635], hear [08085] my prayer [08605]: give ear [0238], O God [0430] of Jacob [03290]. Selah [05542].
3 My tears [01832] have been my meat [03899] day [03119] and night [03915], while they continually [03117] say [0559] unto me, Where is thy God [0430]?
11 He stretched out [05186] his hand [03027] over the sea [03220], he shook [07264] the kingdoms [04467]: the LORD [03068] hath given a commandment [06680] against the merchant [03667] city, to destroy [08045] the strong [04581] holds [04581] thereof.
8 For Jerusalem [03389] is ruined [03782], and Judah [03063] is fallen [05307]: because their tongue [03956] and their doings [04611] are against the LORD [03068], to provoke [04784] the eyes [05869] of his glory [03519].
22 And it shall come to pass, for the abundance [07230] of milk [02461] that they shall give [06213] he shall eat [0398] butter [02529]: for butter [02529] and honey [01706] shall every one eat [0398] that is left [03498] in [07130] the land [0776].
14 Three [07969] times [07272] thou shalt keep a feast [02287] unto me in the year [08141].