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Selected Verse: Job 15:25 - Strong Concordance

Verse	Translation	Text
Job 15:25	Strong Concordance	For he stretcheth out [05186] his hand [03027] against God [0410], and strengtheneth [01396] himself against the Almighty [07706].
	King James	For he stretcheth out his hand against God, and strengtheneth himself against the Almighty.

Summary Of Commentaries Associated With The Selected Verse

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A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]
stretcheth . . . hand--wielding the spear, as a bold rebel against God (Job 9:4; Isa 27:4).

A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]

stretcheth . . . hand--wielding the spear, as a bold rebel against God (Job 9:4; Isa 27:4).

Notes on the Bible, by Albert Barnes, [1834]
For he stretcheth out his hand against God - The hand is stretched out for battle. It wields the spear or the sword against an enemy. The idea here is, that the wicked man makes God an adversary. He does not contend with his fellow-man, with fate, with the elements, with evil angels, but with God. His opponent is an Almighty Being, and he cannot prevail against him; compare the notes at Isa 27:4. And strengtheneth himself - As an army does that throws up a rampart, or constructs a fortification. The whole image here is taken from the practice of war; and the sense is, that a wicked man is really making war on the Almighty, and that in that war he must be vanquished; compare Job 9:4.

Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78]
25 Because he stretched out his hand against God, And was insolent towards the Almighty; 26 He assailed Him with a stiff neck, With the thick bosses of his shield; 27 Because he covered his face with his fatness, And addeth fat to his loins, 28 And inhabited desolated cities, Houses which should not be inhabited, Which were appointed to be ruins. 29 He shall not be rich, and his substance shall not continue And their substance boweth not to the ground. 30 He escapeth not darkness; The flame withereth his shoots; And he perisheth in the breath of His mouth. This strophe has periodic members: Job 15:25-28 an antecedent clause with a double beginning (כּי־נטה because he has stretched out, כּי־כסּה because he has covered; whereas ירוּץ may be taken as more independent, but under the government of the כי that stands at the commencement of the sentence); Job 15:29, Job 15:30, is the conclusion. Two chief sins are mentioned as the cause of the final destiny that comes upon the evil-doer: (1) his arrogant opposition to God, and (2) his contentment on the ruins of another's prosperity. The first of these sins is described Job 15:25-27. The fut. consec. is once used instead of the perf., and the simple fut. is twice used with the signification of an imperf. (as Job 4:3 and freq.). The Hithpa. התגּבּר signifies here to maintain a heroic bearing, to play the hero; התעשּׁר to make one's self rich, to play the part of a rich man, Pro 13:7. And בּצוּאר expresses the special prominence of the neck in his assailing God אל רוּץ, as Dan 8:6, comp. על, Job 16:14); it is equivalent to erecto collo (Vulg.), and in meaning equivalent to ὕβρει (lxx). Also in Psa 75:6, בצואר (with Munach, which there represents a distinctive) (Note: Vid., Dachselt's Biblia Accentuata, p. 816.)) is absolute, in the sense of stiff-necked or hard-headed; for the parallels, as Psa 31:19; Psa 94:4, and especially the primary passage, Sa1 2:3, show that עתק is to be taken as an accusative of the object. The proud defiance with which he challengingly assails God, and renders himself insensible to the dispensations of God, which might bring him to a right way of thinking, is symbolized by the additional clause: with the thickness (עבי cognate form to עבי) of the bosses of his shields. גּב is the back (Arab. dhr) or boss (umbo) of the shield; the plurality of shields has reference to the diversified means by which he hardens himself. Job 15:27, similarly to Psa 73:4-7, pictures this impregnable carnal security against all unrest and pain, to which, on account of his own sinfulness and the distress of others, the nobler-minded man is so sensitive: he has covered his face with his fat, so that by the accumulation of fat, for which he anxiously labours, it becomes a gross material lump of flesh, devoid of mind and soul, and made fat, i.e., added fat, caused it to accumulate, upon his loins (כּסל for כּסליו); עשׂה (which has nothing to do with Arab. gšâ, to cover) is used as in Job 14:9, and in the phrase corpus facere (in Justin), in the sense of producing outwardly something from within. פּימה reminds one of πιμ-ελή (as Aquila and Symmachus translate here), o-pim-us, and of the Sanscrit piai, to be fat (whence adj. pı̂van, pı̂vara, πιαρός, part. pı̂na, subst. according to Roth pı̂vas); the Arabic renders it probable that it is a contraction of פּאימה (Olsh. 171, b). The Jewish expositors explain it according to the misunderstood פּים, Sa1 13:21, of the furrows or wrinkles which are formed in flabby flesh, as if the ah were paragogic. Job 15:28 describes the second capital sin of the evil-doer. The desolated cities that he dwells in are not cities that he himself has laid waste; Job 15:28 distinctly refers to a divinely appointed punishment, for התעתּדוּ does not signify: which they (evil-doers) have made ruins (Hahn), which is neither probable from the change of number, nor accords with the meaning of the verb, which signifies "to appoint to something in the future." Hirzel, by referring to the law, Deu 13:13-18 (comp. Kg1 16:34), which forbids the rebuilding of such cities as are laid under the curse, explains it to a certain extent more correctly. But such a play upon the requirements of the Mosaic law is in itself not probable in the book of Job, and here, as Lwenthal rightly remarks, is the less indicated, since it is not the dwelling in such cities that is forbidden, but only the rebuilding of them, so far as they had been destroyed; here, however, the reference is only to dwelling, not to rebuilding. The expression must therefore be understood more generally thus, that the powerful man settles down carelessly and indolently, without any fear of the judgments of God or respect for the manifestations of His judicial authority, in places in which the marks of a just divine retribution are still visible, and which are appointed to be perpetual monuments of the execution of divine judgments. (Note: For the elucidation of this interpretation of the passage, Consul Wetzstein has contributed the following: "As one who yields to inordinate passion is without sympathy cast from human society because he is called muqtal rabbuh, 'one who is beaten in the conflict against his God' (since he has sinned against the holy command of chastity), and as no one ventures to pronounce the name of Satan because God has cursed him (Gen 3:14), without adding 'alh el-la'ne, 'God's curse upon him!' so a man may not presume to inhabit places which God has appointed to desolation. Such villages and cities, which, according to tradition, have perished and been frequently overthrown (maqlbe, muqlbe, munqualibe) by the visitation of divine judgment, are not uncommon on the borders of the desert. They are places, it is said, where the primary commandments of the religion of Abraham (Dn Ibrhim) have been impiously transgressed. Thus the city of Babylon will never be colonized by a Semitic tribe, because they hold the belief that it has been destroyed on account of Nimrod's apostasy from God, and his hostility to His favoured one, Abraham. The tradition which has even been transferred by the tribes of Arabia Petraea into Islamism of the desolation of the city of Higr (or Medin Slih) on account of disobedience to God, prevents any one from dwelling in that remarkable city, which consists of thousands of dwellings cut in the rock, some of which are richly ornamented; without looking round, and muttering prayers, the desert ranger hurries through, even as does the great procession of pilgrims to Mekka, from fear of incurring the punishment of God by the slightest delay in the accursed city. The destruction of Sodom, brought about by the violation of the right of hospitality (Gen 19:5, comp. Job 31:32), is to be mentioned here, for this legend certainly belongs originally to the 'Din Ibrhm' rather than to the Mosaic. At the source of the Rakkd (the largest river of the Golan region) there are a number of erect and remarkably perforated jasper formations, which are called 'the bridal procession' (el-frida). This bridal procession was turned to stone, because a woman of the party cleaned her child that had made itself dirty with a bread-cake (qurss). Near it is its village (Ufne), which in spite of repeated attempts is no more to be inhabited. It remains forsaken, as an eternal witness that ingratitude (kufrn en-ni'ma), especially towards God, does not remain unpunished.) Only by this rendering is the form of expression of the elliptical clause לא־ישׁבוּ למו explained. Hirz. refers למו to בּתּים: in which they do not dwell; but ל ישׁב does not signify: to dwell in a place, but: to settle down in a place; Schlottm. refers למו to the inhabitants: therein they dwell not themselves, i.e., where no one dwelt; but the אשׁר which would be required in this case as acc. localis could not be omitted. One might more readily, with Hahn, explain: those to whom they belong do not inhabit them; but it is linguistically impossible for למו to stand alone as the expression of this subject (the possessors). The most natural, and also an admissible explanation, is, that yshbw refers to the houses, and that למו, which can be used not only of persons, but also of things, is dat. ethicus. The meaning, however, is not: which are uninhabited, which would not be expressed as future, but rather by אין בהם יושׁב or similarly, but: which shall not inhabit, i.e., shall not be inhabited to them (ישׁב to dwell = to have inhabitants, as Isa 13:10; Jer 50:13, Jer 50:39, and freq.), or, as we should express it, which ought to remain uninhabited. Job 15:29 begins the conclusion: (because he has acted thus) he shall not be rich (with a personal subject as Hos 12:9, and יעשּׁר to be written with a sharpened שׁ, like יעצר above, Job 12:15), and his substance shall not endure (קוּם, to take place, Isa 7:7; to endure, Sa1 13:14; and hold fast, Job 41:18), and מנלם shall not incline itself to the earth. The interpretation of the older expositors, non extendet se in terra, is impossible - that must be בּארץ eb tsum taht - elbi ינּטה; whereas Kal is commonly used in the intransitive sense to bow down, bend one's self or incline (Ges. 53, 2). But what is the meaning of the subject מנלם? We may put out of consideration those interpretations that condemn themselves: לם מן, ex iis (Targ.), or לם מן, quod iis, what belongs to them (Saad.), or מלּם, their word (Syr. and Gecatilia), and such substitutions as σκιάν (צלם or צללם) of the lxx, and radicem of Jerome (which seems only to be a guess). Certainly that which throws most light on the signification of the word is כּנּלתך (for כּהנלתך with Dag. dirimens, as Job 17:2), which occurs in Isa 33:1. The oldest Jewish lexicographers take this הנלה (parall. התם .ll) as a synonym of כּלּה in the signification, to bring to an end; on the other hand, Ges., Knobel, and others, consider כּכלּתך to be the original reading, because the meaning perficere is not furnished for נלה from the Arab. nâl, and because נל, standing thus together, is in Arabic an incompatible root combination (Olsh. 9, 4). This union of consonants certainly does not occur in any Semitic root, but the Arab. nâla (the long a of which can in the inflection become a short changeable bowel) furnishes sufficient protection for this one exception; and the meaning consequi, which belongs to the Arab. nâla, fut. janı̂lu, is perfectly suited to Isa 33:1 : if thou hast fully attained (Hiph. as intensive of the transitive Kal, like הזעיק, הקנה) to plundering. If, however, the verb נלה is established, there is no need for any conjecture in the passage before us, especially since the improvement nearest at hand, מכלם (Hupf. מגּלה), produces a sentence (non figet in terra caulam) which could not be flatter and tamer; whereas the thought that is gained by Olshausen's more sensible conjecture, מגּלם (their sickle does not sink to the earth, is not pressed down by the richness of the produce of the field), goes to the other extreme. (Note: Carey proposes to take מנלם = נמלם, their cutting, layer for planting; but the verb-group מלל, מול, נמל (vid., supra, p. 224) is not favourable to the supposition of a substantive נמל in this signification, according to the usual application of the language.) Juda b. Karisch (Kureisch) has explained the word correctly by Arab. mnâlhm: that which they have offered (from nâla, janûlu) or attained (nâla, janı̂lu), i.e., their possession (Note: Freytag has erroneously placed the infinitives nail and manl under Arab. nl med. Wau, instead of under Arab. nl me. Je, where he only repeats nail, and erroneously gives manl the signification donum, citing in support of it a passage from Fkihat al-chulaf, where 'azz al-manl (a figure borrowed from places difficult of access, and rendered strong and impregnable by nature or art) signifies "one who was hard to get at" (i.e., whose position of power is made secure). The true connection is this: Arab. nl med. Wau signifies originally to extend, reach, to hand anything to any one with outstretched arm or hand, the correlatum Arab. nl med. Je: to attain, i.e., first to touch or reach anything with outstretched arm or hand, and then really to grasp and take it, gen. adipisci, consequi, assequi, impetrare, with the ordinary infinitives nail and manl. Therefore manl (from Arab. nl med. Je) signifies primarily as abstract, attainment; it may then, however, like nail and the infinitives generally, pass over to the concrete signification: what one attains to, or what one has attained, gotten, although I can give no special example in support of it. - Fl.) (not: their perfection, as it is chiefly explained by the Jewish expositors, according to נלה = כלה). When the poet says, "their prosperity inclines not to the ground," he denies to it the likeness to a field of corn, which from the weight of the ears bows itself towards the ground, or to a tree, whose richly laden branches bend to the ground. We may be satisfied with this explanation (Hirz., Ew., Stickel, and most others): מנלם from מנלה (with which Kimchi compares מכרם, Num 20:19, which however is derived not from מכרה, but from מכר), similar in meaning to the post-biblical ממון, μαμωνᾶς; the suff., according to the same change of number as in Job 15:35; Job 20:23, and freq., refers to רשׁעים. In Job 15:30, also, a figure taken from a plant is interwoven with what is said of the person of the ungodly: the flame withers up his tender branch without its bearing fruit, and he himself does not escape darkness, but rather perishes by the breath of His mouth, i.e., God's mouth (Job 4:9, not of his own, after Isa 33:11). The repetition of יסוּר ("he escapes not," as Pro 13:14; "he must yield to," as Kg1 15:14, and freq.) is an impressive play upon words.

Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78]

25 Because he stretched out his hand against God,

And was insolent towards the Almighty;

26 He assailed Him with a stiff neck,

With the thick bosses of his shield;

27 Because he covered his face with his fatness,

And addeth fat to his loins,

28 And inhabited desolated cities,

Houses which should not be inhabited,

Which were appointed to be ruins.

29 He shall not be rich, and his substance shall not continue

And their substance boweth not to the ground.

30 He escapeth not darkness;

The flame withereth his shoots;

And he perisheth in the breath of His mouth.

This strophe has periodic members: Job 15:25-28 an antecedent clause with a double beginning (כּי־נטה because he has stretched out, כּי־כסּה because he has covered; whereas ירוּץ may be taken as more independent, but under the government of the כי that stands at the commencement of the sentence); Job 15:29, Job 15:30, is the conclusion. Two chief sins are mentioned as the cause of the final destiny that comes upon the evil-doer: (1) his arrogant opposition to God, and (2) his contentment on the ruins of another's prosperity. The first of these sins is described Job 15:25-27. The fut. consec. is once used instead of the perf., and the simple fut. is twice used with the signification of an imperf. (as Job 4:3 and freq.). The Hithpa. התגּבּר signifies here to maintain a heroic bearing, to play the hero; התעשּׁר to make one's self rich, to play the part of a rich man, Pro 13:7. And בּצוּאר expresses the special prominence of the neck in his assailing God אל רוּץ, as Dan 8:6, comp. על, Job 16:14); it is equivalent to erecto collo (Vulg.), and in meaning equivalent to ὕβρει (lxx). Also in Psa 75:6, בצואר (with Munach, which there represents a distinctive)

(Note: Vid., Dachselt's Biblia Accentuata, p. 816.))

is absolute, in the sense of stiff-necked or hard-headed; for the parallels, as Psa 31:19; Psa 94:4, and especially the primary passage, Sa1 2:3, show that עתק is to be taken as an accusative of the object. The proud defiance with which he challengingly assails God, and renders himself insensible to the dispensations of God, which might bring him to a right way of thinking, is symbolized by the additional clause: with the thickness (עבי cognate form to עבי) of the bosses of his shields. גּב is the back (Arab. dhr) or boss (umbo) of the shield; the plurality of shields has reference to the diversified means by which he hardens himself. Job 15:27, similarly to Psa 73:4-7, pictures this impregnable carnal security against all unrest and pain, to which, on account of his own sinfulness and the distress of others, the nobler-minded man is so sensitive: he has covered his face with his fat, so that by the accumulation of fat, for which he anxiously labours, it becomes a gross material lump of flesh, devoid of mind and soul, and made fat, i.e., added fat, caused it to accumulate, upon his loins (כּסל for כּסליו); עשׂה (which has nothing to do with Arab. gšâ, to cover) is used as in Job 14:9, and in the phrase corpus facere (in Justin), in the sense of producing outwardly something from within. פּימה reminds one of πιμ-ελή (as Aquila and Symmachus translate here), o-pim-us, and of the Sanscrit piai, to be fat (whence adj. pı̂van, pı̂vara, πιαρός, part. pı̂na, subst. according to Roth pı̂vas); the Arabic renders it probable that it is a contraction of פּאימה (Olsh. 171, b). The Jewish expositors explain it according to the misunderstood פּים, Sa1 13:21, of the furrows or wrinkles which are formed in flabby flesh, as if the ah were paragogic.

Job 15:28 describes the second capital sin of the evil-doer. The desolated cities that he dwells in are not cities that he himself has laid waste; Job 15:28 distinctly refers to a divinely appointed punishment, for התעתּדוּ does not signify: which they (evil-doers) have made ruins (Hahn), which is neither probable from the change of number, nor accords with the meaning of the verb, which signifies "to appoint to something in the future." Hirzel, by referring to the law, Deu 13:13-18 (comp. Kg1 16:34), which forbids the rebuilding of such cities as are laid under the curse, explains it to a certain extent more correctly. But such a play upon the requirements of the Mosaic law is in itself not probable in the book of Job, and here, as Lwenthal rightly remarks, is the less indicated, since it is not the dwelling in such cities that is forbidden, but only the rebuilding of them, so far as they had been destroyed; here, however, the reference is only to dwelling, not to rebuilding. The expression must therefore be understood more generally thus, that the powerful man settles down carelessly and indolently, without any fear of the judgments of God or respect for the manifestations of His judicial authority, in places in which the marks of a just divine retribution are still visible, and which are appointed to be perpetual monuments of the execution of divine judgments.

(Note: For the elucidation of this interpretation of the passage, Consul Wetzstein has contributed the following: "As one who yields to inordinate passion is without sympathy cast from human society because he is called muqtal rabbuh, 'one who is beaten in the conflict against his God' (since he has sinned against the holy command of chastity), and as no one ventures to pronounce the name of Satan because God has cursed him (Gen 3:14), without adding 'alh el-la'ne, 'God's curse upon him!' so a man may not presume to inhabit places which God has appointed to desolation. Such villages and cities, which, according to tradition, have perished and been frequently overthrown (maqlbe, muqlbe, munqualibe) by the visitation of divine judgment, are not uncommon on the borders of the desert. They are places, it is said, where the primary commandments of the religion of Abraham (Dn Ibrhim) have been impiously transgressed. Thus the city of Babylon will never be colonized by a Semitic tribe, because they hold the belief that it has been destroyed on account of Nimrod's apostasy from God, and his hostility to His favoured one, Abraham. The tradition which has even been transferred by the tribes of Arabia Petraea into Islamism of the desolation of the city of Higr (or Medin Slih) on account of disobedience to God, prevents any one from dwelling in that remarkable city, which consists of thousands of dwellings cut in the rock, some of which are richly ornamented; without looking round, and muttering prayers, the desert ranger hurries through, even as does the great procession of pilgrims to Mekka, from fear of incurring the punishment of God by the slightest delay in the accursed city. The destruction of Sodom, brought about by the violation of the right of hospitality (Gen 19:5, comp. Job 31:32), is to be mentioned here, for this legend certainly belongs originally to the 'Din Ibrhm' rather than to the Mosaic. At the source of the Rakkd (the largest river of the Golan region) there are a number of erect and remarkably perforated jasper formations, which are called 'the bridal procession' (el-frida). This bridal procession was turned to stone, because a woman of the party cleaned her child that had made itself dirty with a bread-cake (qurss). Near it is its village (Ufne), which in spite of repeated attempts is no more to be inhabited. It remains forsaken, as an eternal witness that ingratitude (kufrn en-ni'ma), especially towards God, does not remain unpunished.)

Only by this rendering is the form of expression of the elliptical clause לא־ישׁבוּ למו explained. Hirz. refers למו to בּתּים: in which they do not dwell; but ל ישׁב does not signify: to dwell in a place, but: to settle down in a place; Schlottm. refers למו to the inhabitants: therein they dwell not themselves, i.e., where no one dwelt; but the אשׁר which would be required in this case as acc. localis could not be omitted. One might more readily, with Hahn, explain: those to whom they belong do not inhabit them; but it is linguistically impossible for למו to stand alone as the expression of this subject (the possessors). The most natural, and also an admissible explanation, is, that yshbw refers to the houses, and that למו, which can be used not only of persons, but also of things, is dat. ethicus. The meaning, however, is not: which are uninhabited, which would not be expressed as future, but rather by אין בהם יושׁב or similarly, but: which shall not inhabit, i.e., shall not be inhabited to them (ישׁב to dwell = to have inhabitants, as Isa 13:10; Jer 50:13, Jer 50:39, and freq.), or, as we should express it, which ought to remain uninhabited.

Job 15:29 begins the conclusion: (because he has acted thus) he shall not be rich (with a personal subject as Hos 12:9, and יעשּׁר to be written with a sharpened שׁ, like יעצר above, Job 12:15), and his substance shall not endure (קוּם, to take place, Isa 7:7; to endure, Sa1 13:14; and hold fast, Job 41:18), and מנלם shall not incline itself to the earth. The interpretation of the older expositors, non extendet se in terra, is impossible - that must be בּארץ eb tsum taht - elbi ינּטה; whereas Kal is commonly used in the intransitive sense to bow down, bend one's self or incline (Ges. 53, 2). But what is the meaning of the subject מנלם? We may put out of consideration those interpretations that condemn themselves: לם מן, ex iis (Targ.), or לם מן, quod iis, what belongs to them (Saad.), or מלּם, their word (Syr. and Gecatilia), and such substitutions as σκιάν (צלם or צללם) of the lxx, and radicem of Jerome (which seems only to be a guess). Certainly that which throws most light on the signification of the word is כּנּלתך (for כּהנלתך with Dag. dirimens, as Job 17:2), which occurs in Isa 33:1. The oldest Jewish lexicographers take this הנלה (parall. התם .ll) as a synonym of כּלּה in the signification, to bring to an end; on the other hand, Ges., Knobel, and others, consider כּכלּתך to be the original reading, because the meaning perficere is not furnished for נלה from the Arab. nâl, and because נל, standing thus together, is in Arabic an incompatible root combination (Olsh. 9, 4). This union of consonants certainly does not occur in any Semitic root, but the Arab. nâla (the long a of which can in the inflection become a short changeable bowel) furnishes sufficient protection for this one exception; and the meaning consequi, which belongs to the Arab. nâla, fut. janı̂lu, is perfectly suited to Isa 33:1 : if thou hast fully attained (Hiph. as intensive of the transitive Kal, like הזעיק, הקנה) to plundering. If, however, the verb נלה is established, there is no need for any conjecture in the passage before us, especially since the improvement nearest at hand, מכלם (Hupf. מגּלה), produces a sentence (non figet in terra caulam) which could not be flatter and tamer; whereas the thought that is gained by Olshausen's more sensible conjecture, מגּלם (their sickle does not sink to the earth, is not pressed down by the richness of the produce of the field), goes to the other extreme.

(Note: Carey proposes to take מנלם = נמלם, their cutting, layer for planting; but the verb-group מלל, מול, נמל (vid., supra, p. 224) is not favourable to the supposition of a substantive נמל in this signification, according to the usual application of the language.)

Juda b. Karisch (Kureisch) has explained the word correctly by Arab. mnâlhm: that which they have offered (from nâla, janûlu) or attained (nâla, janı̂lu), i.e., their possession

(Note: Freytag has erroneously placed the infinitives nail and manl under Arab. nl med. Wau, instead of under Arab. nl me. Je, where he only repeats nail, and erroneously gives manl the signification donum, citing in support of it a passage from Fkihat al-chulaf, where 'azz al-manl (a figure borrowed from places difficult of access, and rendered strong and impregnable by nature or art) signifies "one who was hard to get at" (i.e., whose position of power is made secure). The true connection is this: Arab. nl med. Wau signifies originally to extend, reach, to hand anything to any one with outstretched arm or hand, the correlatum Arab. nl med. Je: to attain, i.e., first to touch or reach anything with outstretched arm or hand, and then really to grasp and take it, gen. adipisci, consequi, assequi, impetrare, with the ordinary infinitives nail and manl. Therefore manl (from Arab. nl med. Je) signifies primarily as abstract, attainment; it may then, however, like nail and the infinitives generally, pass over to the concrete signification: what one attains to, or what one has attained, gotten, although I can give no special example in support of it. - Fl.)

(not: their perfection, as it is chiefly explained by the Jewish expositors, according to נלה = כלה). When the poet says, "their prosperity inclines not to the ground," he denies to it the likeness to a field of corn, which from the weight of the ears bows itself towards the ground, or to a tree, whose richly laden branches bend to the ground. We may be satisfied with this explanation (Hirz., Ew., Stickel, and most others): מנלם from מנלה (with which Kimchi compares מכרם, Num 20:19, which however is derived not from מכרה, but from מכר), similar in meaning to the post-biblical ממון, μαμωνᾶς; the suff., according to the same change of number as in Job 15:35; Job 20:23, and freq., refers to רשׁעים.

In Job 15:30, also, a figure taken from a plant is interwoven with what is said of the person of the ungodly: the flame withers up his tender branch without its bearing fruit, and he himself does not escape darkness, but rather perishes by the breath of His mouth, i.e., God's mouth (Job 4:9, not of his own, after Isa 33:11). The repetition of יסוּר ("he escapes not," as Pro 13:14; "he must yield to," as Kg1 15:14, and freq.) is an impressive play upon words.

Explanatory Notes on the Whole Bible, by John Wesley [1754-65]
For - Now he gives the reason of all the fore - mentioned calamities, which was his great wickedness. Against God - He sinned against God with an high hand. The Almighty - Which aggravates the madness of this poor worm that durst fight against the omnipotent God.

Adam Clarke Commentary on the Whole Bible - Published 1810-1826
He stretcheth out his hand against God - While in power he thought himself supreme. He not only did not acknowledge God, by whom kings reign, but stretched out his hand - used his power, not to protect, but to oppress those over whom he had supreme rule; and thus strengthened himself against the Almighty.

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⁴ Fury [02534] is not in me: who would set [05414] the briers [08068] and thorns [07898] against me in battle [04421]? I would go [06585] through them, I would burn [06702] them together [03162].

⁴ He is wise [02450] in heart [03824], and mighty [0533] in strength [03581]: who hath hardened [07185] himself against him, and hath prospered [07999]?

⁴ Fury [02534] is not in me: who would set [05414] the briers [08068] and thorns [07898] against me in battle [04421]? I would go [06585] through them, I would burn [06702] them together [03162].

¹⁴ But the high places [01116] were not removed [05493]: nevertheless Asa's [0609] heart [03824] was perfect [08003] with the LORD [03068] all his days [03117].

¹⁴ The law [08451] of the wise [02450] is a fountain [04726] of life [02416], to depart [05493] from the snares [04170] of death [04194].

¹¹ Ye shall conceive [02029] chaff [02842], ye shall bring forth [03205] stubble [07179]: your breath [07307], as fire [0784], shall devour [0398] you.

⁹ By the blast [05397] of God [0433] they perish [06], and by the breath [07307] of his nostrils [0639] are they consumed [03615].

³⁰ He shall not depart [05493] out of darkness [02822]; the flame [07957] shall dry up [03001] his branches [03127], and by the breath [07307] of his mouth [06310] shall he go away [05493].

²³ When he is about to fill [04390] his belly [0990], God shall cast [07971] the fury [02740] of his wrath [0639] upon him, and shall rain [04305] it upon him while he is eating [03894].

³⁵ They conceive [02029] mischief [05999], and bring forth [03205] vanity [0205], and their belly [0990] prepareth [03559] deceit [04820].

¹⁹ And the children [01121] of Israel [03478] said [0559] unto him, We will go [05927] by the high way [04546]: and if I and my cattle [04735] drink [08354] of thy water [04325], then I will pay [05414] [04377] for it: I will only, without doing any thing [01697] else, go through [05674] on my feet [07272].

¹ Woe [01945] to thee that spoilest [07703], and thou wast not spoiled [07703]; and dealest treacherously [0898], and they dealt not treacherously [0898] with thee! when thou shalt cease [08552] to spoil [07703], thou shalt be spoiled [07703]; and when thou shalt make an end [05239] to deal treacherously [0898], they shall deal treacherously [0898] with thee.

² Are there not mockers [02049] with me? and doth not mine eye [05869] continue [03885] in their provocation [04784]?

¹⁸ By his neesings [05846] a light [0216] doth shine [01984], and his eyes [05869] are like the eyelids [06079] of the morning [07837].

¹⁴ But now thy kingdom [04467] shall not continue [06965]: the LORD [03068] hath sought [01245] him a man [0376] after his own heart [03824], and the LORD [03068] hath commanded [06680] him to be captain [05057] over his people [05971], because thou hast not kept [08104] that which the LORD [03068] commanded [06680] thee.

⁷ Thus [03541] saith [0559] the Lord [0136] GOD [03069], It shall not stand [06965], neither shall it come to pass.

¹⁵ Behold, he withholdeth [06113] the waters [04325], and they dry up [03001]: also he sendeth them out [07971], and they overturn [02015] the earth [0776].

⁹ And I that am the LORD [03068] thy God [0430] from the land [0776] of Egypt [04714] will yet make thee to dwell [03427] in tabernacles [0168], as in the days [03117] of the solemn feast [04150].

²⁹ He shall not be rich [06238], neither shall his substance [02428] continue [06965], neither shall he prolong [05186] the perfection [04512] thereof upon the earth [0776].

³⁹ Therefore the wild beasts of the desert [06728] with the wild beasts of the islands [0338] shall dwell [03427] there, and the owls [01323] [03284] shall dwell [03427] therein: and it shall be no more inhabited [03427] for ever [05331]; neither shall it be dwelt [07931] in from generation [01755] to generation [01755].

¹³ Because of the wrath [07110] of the LORD [03068] it shall not be inhabited [03427], but it shall be wholly desolate [08077]: every one that goeth [05674] by Babylon [0894] shall be astonished [08074], and hiss [08319] at all her plagues [04347].

¹⁰ For the stars [03556] of heaven [08064] and the constellations [03685] thereof shall not give [01984] their light [0216]: the sun [08121] shall be darkened [02821] in his going forth [03318], and the moon [03394] shall not cause her light [0216] to shine [05050].

³² The stranger [01616] did not lodge [03885] in the street [02351]: but I opened [06605] my doors [01817] to the traveller [0734].

⁵ And they called [07121] unto Lot [03876], and said [0559] unto him, Where are the men [0582] which came in [0935] to thee this night [03915]? bring them out [03318] unto us, that we may know [03045] them.

¹⁴ And the LORD [03068] God [0430] said [0559] unto the serpent [05175], Because thou [0859] hast done [06213] this, thou art cursed [0779] above all cattle [0929], and above every beast [02416] of the field [07704]; upon thy belly [01512] shalt thou go [03212], and dust [06083] shalt thou eat [0398] all the days [03117] of thy life [02416]:

³⁴ In his days [03117] did Hiel [02419] the Bethelite [01017] build [01129] Jericho [03405]: he laid the foundation [03245] thereof in Abiram [048] his firstborn [01060], and set up [05324] the gates [01817] thereof in his youngest [06810] son Segub [07687], according to the word [01697] of the LORD [03068], which he spake [01696] by [03027] Joshua [03091] the son [01121] of Nun [05126].

¹³ Certain men [0582], the children [01121] of Belial [01100], are gone out [03318] from among [07130] you, and have withdrawn [05080] the inhabitants [03427] of their city [05892], saying [0559], Let us go [03212] and serve [05647] other [0312] gods [0430], which ye have not known [03045];
¹⁴ Then shalt thou enquire [01875], and make search [02713], and ask [07592] diligently [03190]; and, behold, if it be truth [0571], and the thing [01697] certain [03559], that such [02063] abomination [08441] is wrought [06213] among [07130] you;
¹⁵ Thou shalt surely [05221] smite [05221] the inhabitants [03427] of that city [05892] with the edge [06310] of the sword [02719], destroying it utterly [02763], and all that is therein, and the cattle [0929] thereof, with the edge [06310] of the sword [02719].
¹⁶ And thou shalt gather [06908] all the spoil [07998] of it into the midst [08432] of the street [07339] thereof, and shalt burn [08313] with fire [0784] the city [05892], and all the spoil [07998] thereof every whit [03632], for the LORD [03068] thy God [0430]: and it shall be an heap [08510] for ever [05769]; it shall not be built again [01129].
¹⁷ And there shall cleave [01692] nought [03972] of the cursed thing [02764] to thine hand [03027]: that the LORD [03068] may turn [07725] from the fierceness [02740] of his anger [0639], and shew [05414] thee mercy [07356], and have compassion [07355] upon thee, and multiply [07235] thee, as he hath sworn [07650] unto thy fathers [01];
¹⁸ When thou shalt hearken [08085] to the voice [06963] of the LORD [03068] thy God [0430], to keep [08104] all his commandments [04687] which I command [06680] thee this day [03117], to do [06213] that which is right [03477] in the eyes [05869] of the LORD [03068] thy God [0430].

²⁸ And he dwelleth [07931] in desolate [03582] cities [05892], and in houses [01004] which no man inhabiteth [03427], which are ready [06257] to become heaps [01530].

²¹ Yet they had a file [06477] [06310] for the mattocks [04281], and for the coulters [0855], and for the forks [07969] [07053], and for the axes [07134], and to sharpen [05324] the goads [01861].

⁹ Yet through the scent [07381] of water [04325] it will bud [06524], and bring forth [06213] boughs [07105] like a plant [05194].

⁴ For there are no bands [02784] in their death [04194]: but their strength [0193] is firm [01277].
⁵ They are not in trouble [05999] as other men [0582]; neither are they plagued [05060] like [05973] other men [0120].
⁶ Therefore pride [01346] compasseth them about as a chain [06059]; violence [02555] covereth [05848] them as a garment [07897].
⁷ Their eyes [05869] stand out [03318] with fatness [02459]: they have more [05674] than heart [03824] could wish [04906].

²⁷ Because he covereth [03680] his face [06440] with his fatness [02459], and maketh [06213] collops of fat [06371] on his flanks [03689].

³ Talk [01696] no more [07235] so exceeding [01364] proudly [01364]; let not arrogancy [06277] come [03318] out of your mouth [06310]: for the LORD [03068] is a God [0410] of knowledge [01844], and by him actions [05949] are weighed [08505].

⁴ How long shall they utter [05042] and speak [01696] hard things [06277]? and all the workers [06466] of iniquity [0205] boast [0559] themselves?

¹⁹ Oh how great [07227] is thy goodness [02898], which thou hast laid up [06845] for them that fear [03373] thee; which thou hast wrought [06466] for them that trust [02620] in thee before the sons [01121] of men [0120]!

⁶ For promotion [07311] [02022] cometh neither from the east [04161], nor from the west [04628], nor from the south [04057].

¹⁴ He breaketh [06555] me with breach [06556] upon [06440] breach [06556], he runneth [07323] upon me like a giant [01368].

⁶ And he came [0935] to the ram [0352] that had [01167] two horns [07161], which I had seen [07200] standing [05975] before [06440] the river [0180], and ran [07323] unto him in the fury [02534] of his power [03581].

⁷ There is [03426] that maketh himself rich [06238], yet hath nothing: there is that maketh himself poor [07326], yet [03605] hath great [07227] riches [01952].

³ Behold, thou hast instructed [03256] many [07227], and thou hast strengthened [02388] the weak [07504] hands [03027].

²⁵ For he stretcheth out [05186] his hand [03027] against God [0410], and strengtheneth [01396] himself against the Almighty [07706].
²⁶ He runneth [07323] upon him, even on his neck [06677], upon the thick [05672] bosses [01354] of his bucklers [04043]:
²⁷ Because he covereth [03680] his face [06440] with his fatness [02459], and maketh [06213] collops of fat [06371] on his flanks [03689].

³⁰ He shall not depart [05493] out of darkness [02822]; the flame [07957] shall dry up [03001] his branches [03127], and by the breath [07307] of his mouth [06310] shall he go away [05493].

²⁹ He shall not be rich [06238], neither shall his substance [02428] continue [06965], neither shall he prolong [05186] the perfection [04512] thereof upon the earth [0776].