Show Bible Commentary For A Bible Verse

Click here to show/hide instructions.

Selected Verse: Habakkuk 1:6 - Strong Concordance

Verse	Translation	Text
Hab 1:6	Strong Concordance	For, lo, I raise up [06965] the Chaldeans [03778], that bitter [04751] and hasty [04116] nation [01471], which shall march [01980] through the breadth [04800] of the land [0776], to possess [03423] the dwellingplaces [04908] that are not theirs.
	King James	For, lo, I raise up the Chaldeans, that bitter and hasty nation, which shall march through the breadth of the land, to possess the dwellingplaces that are not theirs.

Summary Of Commentaries Associated With The Selected Verse

Open All | Close All Open All | Close All

A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]
I raise up--not referring to God's having brought the Chaldeans from their original seats to Babylonia (see on Isa 23:13), for they had already been upwards of twenty years (since Nabopolassar's era) in political power there; but to His being about now to raise them up as the instruments of God's "work" of judgment on the Jews (Ch2 36:6). The Hebrew is future, "I will raise up." bitter--that is, cruel (Jer 50:42; compare Jdg 18:25, Margin; Sa1 17:8). hasty--not passionate, but "impetuous."

A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]

I raise up--not referring to God's having brought the Chaldeans from their original seats to Babylonia (see on Isa 23:13), for they had already been upwards of twenty years (since Nabopolassar's era) in political power there; but to His being about now to raise them up as the instruments of God's "work" of judgment on the Jews (Ch2 36:6). The Hebrew is future, "I will raise up."

bitter--that is, cruel (Jer 50:42; compare Jdg 18:25, Margin; Sa1 17:8).

hasty--not passionate, but "impetuous."

Notes on the Bible, by Albert Barnes, [1834]
For lo - So God announces a future, in which His Hand shall be greatly visible, whether more or less distant. In His sight it is present. I raise up - God uses the free will and evil passions of people or devils to His own ends; and so He is said to "raise up" those whom He allows to be stirred up against His people, since the events which His Providence permits, favor their designs, and it rests with Him to withhold them. They lift themselves up for some end of covetousness or pride. But there is a higher order of things, in which God orders their actions to fulfill His righteousness by their iniquities. The Chaldaeans, that bitter - מר. In Jdg 18:25; Sa2 17:8, the less concise נפשׁ מר. And hasty nation - נמהר as Isa 32:4. Jerome: "To its might and warlike boldness almost all the Greeks who have written histories of the barbarians, witness." Which shall march through the breadth of the land - rather, "the earth," literally "to the breadths of the earth," reaching to its whole length and breadth, all its dimensions as in the description of Gog and Magog Rev 20:8-9, "the number of whom is as the sand of the sea; and they went up on the breadth of the earth; unhindered, not pent up, but spreading abroad, where they will, over the whole earth." All before it, is one wide even plain which it overspreads and covers, like a flood, and yet is not spent nor exhausted. To possess the dwelling-places that are not theirs - As God's people had done, so should it be done to them. Spoiling and violence within Hab 1:2-4 attract oppression from without. The overcharged atmosphere casts down the lightning upon them. They had expelled the weak from their dwelling Mic 2:9; others shall possess theirs. Yet this scourge too shall pass by, since, although the Chaldaean did God's Will, He willed it not, but His own (See Isa 10:6-7). The words, "not theirs," literally, "not to him" stand with a mysterious fullness of meaning. The dwelling places not being his by right, shall not remain his, although given to him, while God wills.

Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78]
Announcement of this work. - Hab 1:6. "For, behold, I cause the Chaldaeans to rise up, the fierce and vehement nation, which marches along the breadths of the earth, to take possession of dwelling-places that are not its own. Hab 1:7. It is alarming and fearful: its right and its eminence go forth from it. Hab 1:8. And its horses are swifter than leopards, and more sudden than evening wolves: and its horsemen spring along; and its horsemen, they come from afar; they fly hither, hastening like an eagle to devour. Hab 1:9. It comes all at once for wickedness; the endeavour of their faces is directed forwards, and it gathers prisoners together like sand. Hab 1:10. And it, kings it scoffs at, and princes are laughter to it; it laughs at every stronghold, and heaps up sand, and takes it. Hab 1:11. Then it passes along, a wind, and comes hither and offends: this its strength is its god." הנני מקים, ecce suscitaturus sum. הנּה before the participle always refers to the future. הקים, to cause to stand up or appear, does not apply to the elevation of the Chaldaeans into a nation or a conquering people, - for the picture which follows and is defined by the article הגּויו וגו presupposes that it already exists as a conquering people, - but to its being raised up against Judah, so that it is equivalent to מקים עליכם in Amo 6:14 (cf. Mic 5:4; Sa2 12:11, etc.). Hakkasdı̄m, the Chaldaeans, sprang, according to Gen 22:22, from Kesed the son of Nahor, the brother of Abraham; so that they were a Semitic race. They dwelt from time immemorial in Babylonia or Mesopotamia, and are called a primeval people, gōI mē‛ōlâm, in Jer 5:15. Abram migrated to Canaan from Ur of the Chaldees, from the other side of the river (Euphrates: Gen 11:28, Gen 11:31, compared with Jos 24:2); and the Kasdı̄m in Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel are inhabitants of Babel or Babylonia (Isa 43:14; Isa 47:1; Isa 48:14, Isa 48:20; Jer 21:9; Jer 32:4, Jer 32:24, etc.; Eze 23:23). Babylonia is called 'erets Kasdı̄m (Jer 24:5; Jer 25:12; Eze 12:13), or simply Kasdı̄m (Jer 50:10; Jer 51:24, Jer 51:35; Ezekiel 26:29; Eze 23:16). The modern hypothesis, that the Chaldaeans were first of all transplanted by the Assyrians from the northern border mountains of Armenia, Media, and Assyria to Babylonia, and that having settled there, they afterwards grew into a cultivated people, and as a conquering nation exerted great influence in the history of the world, simply rests upon a most precarious interpretation of an obscure passage in Isaiah (Isa 23:18), and has no higher value than the opinion of the latest Assyriologists that the Chaldaeans are a people of Tatar origin, who mingled with the Shemites of the countries bordering upon the Euphrates and Tigris (see Delitzsch on Isa 23:13). Habakkuk describes this people as mar, bitter, or rough, and, when used to denote a disposition, fierce (mar nephesh, Jdg 18:25; Sa2 17:8); and nimhâr, heedless or rash (Isa 32:4), here violent, and as moving along the breadths of the earth (ἑπὶ τὰ πλάτη τῆς γῆς, lxx: cf. Rev 20:9), i.e., marching through the whole extent of the earth (Isa 8:8): terram quam late patet (Ros.). ל is not used here to denote the direction or the goal, but the space, as in Gen 13:17 (Hitzig, Delitzsch). To take possession of dwelling-laces that are not his own (לא־לו = אשׁר לא־לו), i.e., to take possession of foreign lands that do not belong to him. In Hab 1:7 the fierce disposition of this people is still further depicted, and in Hab 1:8 the violence with which it advances. אים, formidabilis, exciting terror; נורא, metuendus, creating alarm. ממּנּוּ וגו, from it, not from God (cf. Psa 17:2), does its right proceed, i.e., it determines right, and the rule of its conduct, according to its own standard; and שׂאתו, its eminence (Gen 49:3; Hos 13:1), "its δόξα (Co1 11:7) above all other nations" (Hitzig), making itself lord through the might of its arms. Its horses are lighter, i.e., swifter of foot, than panthers, which spring with the greatest rapidity upon their prey (for proofs of the swiftness of the panther, see Bochart, Hieroz. ii. p. 104, ed. Ros.), and חדּוּ, lit., sharper, i.e., shooting sharply upon it. As qâlal represents swiftness as a light rapid movement, which hardly touches the ground, so châda, ὀξὺν εἶναι, describes it as a hasty precipitate dash upon a certain object (Delitzsch). The first clause of this verse has been repeated by Jeremiah (Jer 4:13), with the alteration of one letter (viz., מנּשׁרים for מנּמרים). Wolves of the evening (cf. Zep 3:3) are wolves which go out in the evening in search of prey, after having fasted through the day, not "wolves of Arabia (ערב = ערב, lxx) or of the desert" (ערבה Kimchi). Pâshū from pūsh, after the Arabic fâš, med. Ye, to strut proudly; when used of a horse and its rider, to spring along, to gallop; or of a calf, to hop or jump (Jer 50:11; Mal 4:2). The connection between this and pūsh (Nah 3:18), niphal to disperse or scatter one's self, is questionable. Delitzsch (on Job 35:15) derives pūsh in this verse and the passage cited from Arab. fâš, med. Vav, in the sense of swimming upon the top, and apparently traces pūsh in Nahum 3, as well as pash in Job 35:15, to Arab. fšš (when used of water: to overflow its dam); whilst Freytag (in the Lexicon) gives, as the meaning of Arab. fšš II, dissolvit, dissipavit. Pârâshı̄m are horsemen, not riding-horses. The repetition of פּרשׁיו does not warrant our erasing the words וּפשׁוּ פּרשׁיו as a gloss, as Hitzig proposes. It can be explained very simply from the fact, that in the second hemistich Habakkuk passes from the general description of the Chaldaeans to a picture of their invasion of Judah. מרחוק , from afar, i.e., from Babylonia (cf. Isa 39:3). Their coming from afar, and the comparison of the rushing along of the Chaldaean horsemen to the flight of an eagle, points to the threat in Deu 28:49, "Jehovah shall bring against thee a nation from far, from the end of the earth, as swift as the eagle flieth," which is now about to be fulfilled. Jeremiah frequently uses the same comparison when speaking of the Chaldaeans, viz., in Jer 4:13; Jer 48:40; Jer 49:22, and Lam 4:19 (cf. Sa2 1:23). The ἁπ. λεγ. מגמּה may mean a horde or crowd, after the Hebrew גם werbeH , and the Arabic jammah, or snorting, endeavouring, striving, after Arab. jmm and jâm, appetivit, in which case גמם would be connected with גמא, to swallow. But the first meaning does not suit פּניהם קדימה, whereas the second does. קדימה, not eastwards, but according to the primary meaning of קדם, to the front, forwards. Ewald renders it incorrectly: "the striving of their face is to storm, i.e., to mischief;" for qâdı̄m, the east wind, when used in the sense of storm, is a figurative expression for that which is vain and worthless (Hos 12:2; cf. Job 15:2), but not for mischief. For ויּאסף, compare Gen 41:49 and Zac 9:3; and for כּחול, like sand of the sea, Hos 2:1. In Hab 1:10 והוּא and הוּא are introduced, that the words בּמּלכים and לכל־מבצר, upon which the emphasis lies, may be placed first. It, the Chaldaean nation, scoffs at kings and princes, and every stronghold, i.e., it ridicules all the resistance that kings and princes offer to its advance, by putting forth their strength, as a perfectly fruitless attempt. Mischâq, the object of laughter. The words, it heaps up dust and takes it (the fortress), express the facility with which every fortress is conquered by it. To heap up dust: denoting the casting up an embankment for attack (Sa2 20:15, etc.). The feminine suffix attached to ילכּדהּ refers ad sensum to the idea of a city (עיר), implied in מבצר, the latter being equivalent to עיר מבצר in Sa1 6:18; Kg2 3:19, etc. Thus will the Chaldaean continue incessantly to overthrow kings and conquer kingdoms with tempestuous rapidity, till he offends, by deifying his own power. With this gentle hint at the termination of his tyranny, the announcement of the judgment closes in Hab 1:11. אז, there, i.e., in this appearance of his, as depicted in Hab 1:6-10 : not "then," in which case Hab 1:11 would affirm to what further enterprises the Chaldaeans would proceed after their rapidly and easily effected conquests. The perfects חלף and ויּעבור are used prophetically, representing the future as occurring already. חלף and עבר are used synonymously: to pass along and go further, used of the wind or tempest, as in Isa 21:1; here, as in Isa 8:8, of the hostile army overflowing the land; with this difference, however, that in Isaiah it is thought of as a stream of water, whereas here it is thought of as a tempest sweeping over the land. The subject to châlaph is not rūăch, but the Chaldaean (הוּא, Hab 1:10); and rūăch is used appositionally, to denote the manner in which it passes along, viz., "like a tempestuous wind" (rūăch as in Job 30:15; Isa 7:2). ואשׁם is not a participle, but a perfect with Vav rel., expressing the consequence, "and so he offends." In what way is stated in the last clause, in which זוּ does not answer to the relative אשׁר, in the sense of "he whose power," but is placed demonstratively before the noun כּחו, like זה in Exo 32:1; Jos 9:12-13, and Isa 23:13 (cf. Ewald, 293, b), pointing back to the strength of the Chaldaean, which has been previously depicted in its intensive and extensive greatness (Delitzsch). This its power is god to it, i.e., it makes it into its god (for the thought, compare Job 12:6, and the words of the Assyrian in Isa 10:13). The ordinary explanation of the first hemistich is, on the other hand, untenable (then its courage becomes young again, or grows), since רוּח cannot stand for רוּחו, and עבר without an object given in the context cannot mean to overstep, i.e., to go beyond the proper measure.

Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78]

Announcement of this work. - Hab 1:6. "For, behold, I cause the Chaldaeans to rise up, the fierce and vehement nation, which marches along the breadths of the earth, to take possession of dwelling-places that are not its own. Hab 1:7. It is alarming and fearful: its right and its eminence go forth from it. Hab 1:8. And its horses are swifter than leopards, and more sudden than evening wolves: and its horsemen spring along; and its horsemen, they come from afar; they fly hither, hastening like an eagle to devour. Hab 1:9. It comes all at once for wickedness; the endeavour of their faces is directed forwards, and it gathers prisoners together like sand. Hab 1:10. And it, kings it scoffs at, and princes are laughter to it; it laughs at every stronghold, and heaps up sand, and takes it. Hab 1:11. Then it passes along, a wind, and comes hither and offends: this its strength is its god." הנני מקים, ecce suscitaturus sum. הנּה before the participle always refers to the future. הקים, to cause to stand up or appear, does not apply to the elevation of the Chaldaeans into a nation or a conquering people, - for the picture which follows and is defined by the article הגּויו וגו presupposes that it already exists as a conquering people, - but to its being raised up against Judah, so that it is equivalent to מקים עליכם in Amo 6:14 (cf. Mic 5:4; Sa2 12:11, etc.). Hakkasdı̄m, the Chaldaeans, sprang, according to Gen 22:22, from Kesed the son of Nahor, the brother of Abraham; so that they were a Semitic race. They dwelt from time immemorial in Babylonia or Mesopotamia, and are called a primeval people, gōI mē‛ōlâm, in Jer 5:15. Abram migrated to Canaan from Ur of the Chaldees, from the other side of the river (Euphrates: Gen 11:28, Gen 11:31, compared with Jos 24:2); and the Kasdı̄m in Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel are inhabitants of Babel or Babylonia (Isa 43:14; Isa 47:1; Isa 48:14, Isa 48:20; Jer 21:9; Jer 32:4, Jer 32:24, etc.; Eze 23:23). Babylonia is called 'erets Kasdı̄m (Jer 24:5; Jer 25:12; Eze 12:13), or simply Kasdı̄m (Jer 50:10; Jer 51:24, Jer 51:35; Ezekiel 26:29; Eze 23:16). The modern hypothesis, that the Chaldaeans were first of all transplanted by the Assyrians from the northern border mountains of Armenia, Media, and Assyria to Babylonia, and that having settled there, they afterwards grew into a cultivated people, and as a conquering nation exerted great influence in the history of the world, simply rests upon a most precarious interpretation of an obscure passage in Isaiah (Isa 23:18), and has no higher value than the opinion of the latest Assyriologists that the Chaldaeans are a people of Tatar origin, who mingled with the Shemites of the countries bordering upon the Euphrates and Tigris (see Delitzsch on Isa 23:13). Habakkuk describes this people as mar, bitter, or rough, and, when used to denote a disposition, fierce (mar nephesh, Jdg 18:25; Sa2 17:8); and nimhâr, heedless or rash (Isa 32:4), here violent, and as moving along the breadths of the earth (ἑπὶ τὰ πλάτη τῆς γῆς, lxx: cf. Rev 20:9), i.e., marching through the whole extent of the earth (Isa 8:8): terram quam late patet (Ros.). ל is not used here to denote the direction or the goal, but the space, as in Gen 13:17 (Hitzig, Delitzsch). To take possession of dwelling-laces that are not his own (לא־לו = אשׁר לא־לו), i.e., to take possession of foreign lands that do not belong to him. In Hab 1:7 the fierce disposition of this people is still further depicted, and in Hab 1:8 the violence with which it advances. אים, formidabilis, exciting terror; נורא, metuendus, creating alarm. ממּנּוּ וגו, from it, not from God (cf. Psa 17:2), does its right proceed, i.e., it determines right, and the rule of its conduct, according to its own standard; and שׂאתו, its eminence (Gen 49:3; Hos 13:1), "its δόξα (Co1 11:7) above all other nations" (Hitzig), making itself lord through the might of its arms. Its horses are lighter, i.e., swifter of foot, than panthers, which spring with the greatest rapidity upon their prey (for proofs of the swiftness of the panther, see Bochart, Hieroz. ii. p. 104, ed. Ros.), and חדּוּ, lit., sharper, i.e., shooting sharply upon it. As qâlal represents swiftness as a light rapid movement, which hardly touches the ground, so châda, ὀξὺν εἶναι, describes it as a hasty precipitate dash upon a certain object (Delitzsch). The first clause of this verse has been repeated by Jeremiah (Jer 4:13), with the alteration of one letter (viz., מנּשׁרים for מנּמרים). Wolves of the evening (cf. Zep 3:3) are wolves which go out in the evening in search of prey, after having fasted through the day, not "wolves of Arabia (ערב = ערב, lxx) or of the desert" (ערבה Kimchi).

Pâshū from pūsh, after the Arabic fâš, med. Ye, to strut proudly; when used of a horse and its rider, to spring along, to gallop; or of a calf, to hop or jump (Jer 50:11; Mal 4:2). The connection between this and pūsh (Nah 3:18), niphal to disperse or scatter one's self, is questionable. Delitzsch (on Job 35:15) derives pūsh in this verse and the passage cited from Arab. fâš, med. Vav, in the sense of swimming upon the top, and apparently traces pūsh in Nahum 3, as well as pash in Job 35:15, to Arab. fšš (when used of water: to overflow its dam); whilst Freytag (in the Lexicon) gives, as the meaning of Arab. fšš II, dissolvit, dissipavit. Pârâshı̄m are horsemen, not riding-horses. The repetition of פּרשׁיו does not warrant our erasing the words וּפשׁוּ פּרשׁיו as a gloss, as Hitzig proposes. It can be explained very simply from the fact, that in the second hemistich Habakkuk passes from the general description of the Chaldaeans to a picture of their invasion of Judah. מרחוק , from afar, i.e., from Babylonia (cf. Isa 39:3). Their coming from afar, and the comparison of the rushing along of the Chaldaean horsemen to the flight of an eagle, points to the threat in Deu 28:49, "Jehovah shall bring against thee a nation from far, from the end of the earth, as swift as the eagle flieth," which is now about to be fulfilled. Jeremiah frequently uses the same comparison when speaking of the Chaldaeans, viz., in Jer 4:13; Jer 48:40; Jer 49:22, and Lam 4:19 (cf. Sa2 1:23). The ἁπ. λεγ. מגמּה may mean a horde or crowd, after the Hebrew גם werbeH , and the Arabic jammah, or snorting, endeavouring, striving, after Arab. jmm and jâm, appetivit, in which case גמם would be connected with גמא, to swallow. But the first meaning does not suit פּניהם קדימה, whereas the second does. קדימה, not eastwards, but according to the primary meaning of קדם, to the front, forwards. Ewald renders it incorrectly: "the striving of their face is to storm, i.e., to mischief;" for qâdı̄m, the east wind, when used in the sense of storm, is a figurative expression for that which is vain and worthless (Hos 12:2; cf. Job 15:2), but not for mischief. For ויּאסף, compare Gen 41:49 and Zac 9:3; and for כּחול, like sand of the sea, Hos 2:1. In Hab 1:10 והוּא and הוּא are introduced, that the words בּמּלכים and לכל־מבצר, upon which the emphasis lies, may be placed first. It, the Chaldaean nation, scoffs at kings and princes, and every stronghold, i.e., it ridicules all the resistance that kings and princes offer to its advance, by putting forth their strength, as a perfectly fruitless attempt. Mischâq, the object of laughter. The words, it heaps up dust and takes it (the fortress), express the facility with which every fortress is conquered by it. To heap up dust: denoting the casting up an embankment for attack (Sa2 20:15, etc.). The feminine suffix attached to ילכּדהּ refers ad sensum to the idea of a city (עיר), implied in מבצר, the latter being equivalent to עיר מבצר in Sa1 6:18; Kg2 3:19, etc. Thus will the Chaldaean continue incessantly to overthrow kings and conquer kingdoms with tempestuous rapidity, till he offends, by deifying his own power. With this gentle hint at the termination of his tyranny, the announcement of the judgment closes in Hab 1:11. אז, there, i.e., in this appearance of his, as depicted in Hab 1:6-10 : not "then," in which case Hab 1:11 would affirm to what further enterprises the Chaldaeans would proceed after their rapidly and easily effected conquests. The perfects חלף and ויּעבור are used prophetically, representing the future as occurring already. חלף and עבר are used synonymously: to pass along and go further, used of the wind or tempest, as in Isa 21:1; here, as in Isa 8:8, of the hostile army overflowing the land; with this difference, however, that in Isaiah it is thought of as a stream of water, whereas here it is thought of as a tempest sweeping over the land. The subject to châlaph is not rūăch, but the Chaldaean (הוּא, Hab 1:10); and rūăch is used appositionally, to denote the manner in which it passes along, viz., "like a tempestuous wind" (rūăch as in Job 30:15; Isa 7:2). ואשׁם is not a participle, but a perfect with Vav rel., expressing the consequence, "and so he offends." In what way is stated in the last clause, in which זוּ does not answer to the relative אשׁר, in the sense of "he whose power," but is placed demonstratively before the noun כּחו, like זה in Exo 32:1; Jos 9:12-13, and Isa 23:13 (cf. Ewald, 293, b), pointing back to the strength of the Chaldaean, which has been previously depicted in its intensive and extensive greatness (Delitzsch). This its power is god to it, i.e., it makes it into its god (for the thought, compare Job 12:6, and the words of the Assyrian in Isa 10:13). The ordinary explanation of the first hemistich is, on the other hand, untenable (then its courage becomes young again, or grows), since רוּח cannot stand for רוּחו, and עבר without an object given in the context cannot mean to overstep, i.e., to go beyond the proper measure.

Explanatory Notes on the Whole Bible, by John Wesley [1754-65]
Bitter - Cruel, and without mercy. Hasty - Speedy in executing their merciless purposes.

Adam Clarke Commentary on the Whole Bible - Published 1810-1826
That bitter and hasty nation - Cruel and oppressive in their disposition; and prompt and speedy in their assaults and conquests.

Top

⁸ And he stood [05975] and cried [07121] unto the armies [04634] of Israel [03478], and said [0559] unto them, Why are ye come out [03318] to set your battle [04421] in array [06186]? am not I a Philistine [06430], and ye servants [05650] to Saul [07586]? choose [01262] you a man [0376] for you, and let him come down [03381] to me.

²⁵ And the children [01121] of Dan [01835] said [0559] unto him, Let not thy voice [06963] be heard [08085] among us, lest angry [04751] [05315] fellows [0582] run [06293] upon thee, and thou lose [0622] thy life [05315], with the lives [05315] of thy household [01004].

⁴² They shall hold [02388] the bow [07198] and the lance [03591]: they are cruel [0394], and will not shew mercy [07355]: their voice [06963] shall roar [01993] like the sea [03220], and they shall ride [07392] upon horses [05483], every one put in array [06186], like a man [0376] to the battle [04421], against thee, O daughter [01323] of Babylon [0894].

⁶ Against him came up [05927] Nebuchadnezzar [05019] king [04428] of Babylon [0894], and bound [0631] him in fetters [05178], to carry [03212] him to Babylon [0894].

¹³ Behold the land [0776] of the Chaldeans [03778]; this people [05971] was not, till the Assyrian [0804] founded [03245] it for them that dwell in the wilderness [06728]: they set up [06965] the towers [0971] thereof, they raised up [06209] the palaces [0759] thereof; and he brought [07760] it to ruin [04654].

⁶ I will send [07971] him against an hypocritical [02611] nation [01471], and against the people [05971] of my wrath [05678] will I give him a charge [06680], to take [07997] the spoil [07998], and to take [0962] the prey [0957], and to tread them down [07760] [04823] like the mire [02563] of the streets [02351].
⁷ Howbeit he meaneth [01819] not so, neither doth his heart [03824] think [02803] so; but it is in his heart [03824] to destroy [08045] and cut off [03772] nations [01471] not a few [04592].

⁹ The women [0802] of my people [05971] have ye cast out [01644] from their pleasant [08588] houses [01004]; from their children [05768] have ye taken away [03947] my glory [01926] for ever [05769].

² O LORD [03068], how long shall I cry [07768], and thou wilt not hear [08085] ! even cry out [02199] unto thee of violence [02555], and thou wilt not save [03467] !
³ Why dost thou shew [07200] me iniquity [0205], and cause me to behold [05027] grievance [05999]? for spoiling [07701] and violence [02555] are before me: and there are that raise up [05375] strife [07379] and contention [04066].
⁴ Therefore the law [08451] is slacked [06313], and judgment [04941] doth never [05331] go forth [03318]: for the wicked [07563] doth compass [03803] about the righteous [06662]; therefore wrong [06127] judgment [04941] proceedeth [03318].

⁸ And [2532] shall go out [1831] to deceive [4105] the nations [1484] which [3588] are in [1722] the four [5064] quarters [1137] of the earth [1093], Gog [1136] and [2532] Magog [3098], to gather [4863] them [846] together [4863] to [1519] battle [4171]: the number [706] of whom [3739] is as [5613] the sand [285] of the sea [2281].
⁹ And [2532] they went up [305] on [1909] the breadth [4114] of the earth [1093], and [2532] compassed [2944] the camp [3925] of the saints [40] about [2944], and [2532] the beloved [25] city [4172]: and [2532] fire [4442] came down [2597] from [575] God [2316] out of [1537] heaven [3772], and [2532] devoured [2719] them [846].

⁴ The heart [03824] also of the rash [04116] shall understand [0995] knowledge [01847], and the tongue [03956] of the stammerers [05926] shall be ready [04116] to speak [01696] plainly [06703].

⁸ For, said [0559] Hushai [02365], thou knowest [03045] thy father [01] and his men [0582], that they be mighty men [01368], and they be chafed [04751] in their minds [05315], as a bear [01677] robbed [07909] of her whelps in the field [07704]: and thy father [01] is a man [0376] of war [04421], and will not lodge [03885] with the people [05971].

¹³ For he saith [0559], By the strength [03581] of my hand [03027] I have done [06213] it, and by my wisdom [02451]; for I am prudent [0995]: and I have removed [05493] the bounds [01367] of the people [05971], and have robbed [08154] their treasures [06259] [06264], and I have put down [03381] the inhabitants [03427] like a valiant [047] [03524] man:

⁶ The tabernacles [0168] of robbers [07703] prosper [07951], and they that provoke [07264] God [0410] are secure [0987]; into whose hand [03027] God [0433] bringeth [0935] abundantly.

¹² This our bread [03899] we took hot [02525] for our provision [06679] out of our houses [01004] on the day [03117] we came forth [03318] to go [03212] unto you; but now, behold, it is dry [03001], and it is mouldy [05350]:
¹³ And these bottles [04997] of wine [03196], which we filled [04390], were new [02319]; and, behold, they be rent [01234]: and these our garments [08008] and our shoes [05275] are become old [01086] by reason of the very [03966] long [07230] journey [01870].

¹ And when the people [05971] saw [07200] that Moses [04872] delayed [0954] to come down [03381] out of the mount [02022], the people [05971] gathered themselves together [06950] unto Aaron [0175], and said [0559] unto him, Up [06965], make [06213] us gods [0430], which shall go [03212] before [06440] us; for as for this Moses [04872], the man [0376] that brought [05927] us up out of the land [0776] of Egypt [04714], we wot [03045] not what is become of him.

² And it was told [05046] the house [01004] of David [01732], saying [0559], Syria [0758] is confederate [05117] with Ephraim [0669]. And his heart [03824] was moved [05128], and the heart [03824] of his people [05971], as the trees [06086] of the wood [03293] are moved [05128] with [06440] the wind [07307].

¹⁵ Terrors [01091] are turned [02015] upon me: they pursue [07291] my soul [05082] as the wind [07307]: and my welfare [03444] passeth away [05674] as a cloud [05645].

¹⁰ And they shall scoff [07046] at the kings [04428], and the princes [07336] shall be a scorn [04890] unto them: they shall deride [07832] every strong hold [04013]; for they shall heap [06651] dust [06083], and take [03920] it.

⁸ And he shall pass [02498] through Judah [03063]; he shall overflow [07857] and go over [05674], he shall reach [05060] even to the neck [06677]; and the stretching out [04298] of his wings [03671] shall fill [04393] the breadth [07341] of thy land [0776], O Immanuel [06005] [0410].

¹ The burden [04853] of the desert [04057] of the sea [03220]. As whirlwinds [05492] in the south [05045] pass [02498] through; so it cometh [0935] from the desert [04057], from a terrible [03372] land [0776].

¹¹ Then shall his mind [07307] change [02498], and he shall pass over [05674], and offend [0816], imputing this [02098] his power [03581] unto his god [0433].

⁶ For, lo, I raise up [06965] the Chaldeans [03778], that bitter [04751] and hasty [04116] nation [01471], which shall march [01980] through the breadth [04800] of the land [0776], to possess [03423] the dwellingplaces [04908] that are not theirs.
⁷ They are terrible [0366] and dreadful [03372]: their judgment [04941] and their dignity [07613] shall proceed [03318] of themselves.
⁸ Their horses [05483] also are swifter [07043] than the leopards [05246], and are more fierce [02300] than the evening [06153] wolves [02061]: and their horsemen [06571] shall spread [06335] themselves, and their horsemen [06571] shall come [0935] from far [07350]; they shall fly [05774] as the eagle [05404] that hasteth [02363] to eat [0398].
⁹ They shall come [0935] all for violence [02555]: their faces [06440] shall sup up [04041] as the east wind [06921], and they shall gather [0622] the captivity [07628] as the sand [02344].
¹⁰ And they shall scoff [07046] at the kings [04428], and the princes [07336] shall be a scorn [04890] unto them: they shall deride [07832] every strong hold [04013]; for they shall heap [06651] dust [06083], and take [03920] it.

¹¹ Then shall his mind [07307] change [02498], and he shall pass over [05674], and offend [0816], imputing this [02098] his power [03581] unto his god [0433].

¹⁹ And ye shall smite [05221] every fenced [04013] city [05892], and every choice [04004] city [05892], and shall fell [05307] every good [02896] tree [06086], and stop [05640] all wells [04599] of water [04325], and mar [03510] every good [02896] piece [02513] of land with stones [068].

¹⁸ And the golden [02091] mice [05909], according to the number [04557] of all the cities [05892] of the Philistines [06430] belonging to the five [02568] lords [05633], both of fenced [04013] cities [05892], and of country [06521] villages [03724], even unto the great [01419] stone of Abel [059], whereon they set down [03240] the ark [0727] of the LORD [03068]: which stone remaineth unto this day [03117] in the field [07704] of Joshua [03091], the Bethshemite [01030].

¹⁵ And they came [0935] and besieged [06696] him in Abel [059] of Bethmaachah [01038], and they cast up [08210] a bank [05550] against the city [05892], and it stood [05975] in the trench [02426]: and all the people [05971] that were with Joab [03097] battered [07843] the wall [02346], to throw it down [05307].

¹ Say [0559] ye unto your brethren [0251], Ammi [05971]; and to your sisters [0269], Ruhamah [07355].

³ And Tyrus [06865] did build [01129] herself a strong hold [04692], and heaped up [06651] silver [03701] as the dust [06083], and fine gold [02742] as the mire [02916] of the streets [02351].

⁴⁹ And Joseph [03130] gathered [06651] corn [01250] as the sand [02344] of the sea [03220], very [03966] much [07235], until he left [02308] numbering [05608]; for it was without [0369] number [04557].

² Should a wise man [02450] utter [06030] vain [07307] knowledge [01847], and fill [04390] his belly [0990] with the east wind [06921]?

² The LORD [03068] hath also a controversy [07379] with Judah [03063], and will punish [06485] Jacob [03290] according to his ways [01870]; according to his doings [04611] will he recompense [07725] him.

²³ Saul [07586] and Jonathan [03083] were lovely [0157] and pleasant [05273] in their lives [02416], and in their death [04194] they were not divided [06504]: they were swifter [07043] than eagles [05404], they were stronger [01396] than lions [0738].

¹⁹ Our persecutors [07291] are swifter [07031] than the eagles [05404] of the heaven [08064]: they pursued [01814] us upon the mountains [02022], they laid wait [0693] for us in the wilderness [04057].

²² Behold, he shall come up [05927] and fly [01675] as the eagle [05404], and spread [06566] his wings [03671] over Bozrah [01224]: and at that day [03117] shall the heart [03820] of the mighty men [01368] of Edom [0123] be as the heart [03820] of a woman [0802] in her pangs [06887].

⁴⁰ For thus saith [0559] the LORD [03068]; Behold, he shall fly [01675] as an eagle [05404], and shall spread [06566] his wings [03671] over Moab [04124].

¹³ Behold, he shall come up [05927] as clouds [06051], and his chariots [04818] shall be as a whirlwind [05492]: his horses [05483] are swifter [07043] than eagles [05404]. Woe [0188] unto us! for we are spoiled [07703].

⁴⁹ The LORD [03068] shall bring [05375] a nation [01471] against thee from far [07350], from the end [07097] of the earth [0776], as swift as the eagle [05404] flieth [01675]; a nation [01471] whose tongue [03956] thou shalt not understand [08085];

³ Then came [0935] Isaiah [03470] the prophet [05030] unto king [04428] Hezekiah [02396], and said [0559] unto him, What said [0559] these men [0582]? and from whence [0370] came [0935] they unto thee? And Hezekiah [02396] said [0559], They are come [0935] from a far [07350] country [0776] unto me, even from Babylon [0894].

¹⁵ But now, because it is not so, he hath visited [06485] in his anger [0639]; yet he knoweth [03045] it not in great [03966] extremity [06580]:

¹⁸ Thy shepherds [07462] slumber [05123], O king [04428] of Assyria [0804]: thy nobles [0117] shall dwell [07931] in the dust: thy people [05971] is scattered [06335] upon the mountains [02022], and no man gathereth [06908] them.

² But unto you that fear [03373] my name [08034] shall the Sun [08121] of righteousness [06666] arise [02224] with healing [04832] in his wings [03671]; and ye shall go forth [03318], and grow up [06335] as calves [05695] of the stall [04770].

¹¹ Because ye were glad [08055], because ye rejoiced [05937], O ye destroyers [08154] of mine heritage [05159], because ye are grown fat [06335] as the heifer [05697] at grass [01877] [01758], and bellow [06670] as bulls [047];

³ Her princes [08269] within [07130] her are roaring [07580] lions [0738]; her judges [08199] are evening [06153] wolves [02061]; they gnaw not the bones [01633] till the morrow [01242].

⁷ For [1063] a man [435] indeed [3303] ought [3784] not [3756] to cover [2619] his head [2776], forasmuch as he is [5225] the image [1504] and [2532] glory [1391] of God [2316]: but [1161] the woman [1135] is [2076] the glory [1391] of the man [435].

¹ When Ephraim [0669] spake [01696] trembling [07578], he exalted [05375] himself in Israel [03478]; but when he offended [0816] in Baal [01168], he died [04191].

³ Reuben [07205], thou art my firstborn [01060], my might [03581], and the beginning [07225] of my strength [0202], the excellency [03499] of dignity [07613], and the excellency [03499] of power [05794]:

² Let my sentence [04941] come forth [03318] from thy presence [06440]; let thine eyes [05869] behold [02372] the things that are equal [04339].

⁸ Their horses [05483] also are swifter [07043] than the leopards [05246], and are more fierce [02300] than the evening [06153] wolves [02061]: and their horsemen [06571] shall spread [06335] themselves, and their horsemen [06571] shall come [0935] from far [07350]; they shall fly [05774] as the eagle [05404] that hasteth [02363] to eat [0398].

⁷ They are terrible [0366] and dreadful [03372]: their judgment [04941] and their dignity [07613] shall proceed [03318] of themselves.

¹⁷ Arise [06965], walk [01980] through the land [0776] in the length [0753] of it and in the breadth [07341] of it; for I will give [05414] it unto thee.

⁹ And [2532] they went up [305] on [1909] the breadth [4114] of the earth [1093], and [2532] compassed [2944] the camp [3925] of the saints [40] about [2944], and [2532] the beloved [25] city [4172]: and [2532] fire [4442] came down [2597] from [575] God [2316] out of [1537] heaven [3772], and [2532] devoured [2719] them [846].

⁴ The heart [03824] also of the rash [04116] shall understand [0995] knowledge [01847], and the tongue [03956] of the stammerers [05926] shall be ready [04116] to speak [01696] plainly [06703].

¹⁸ And her merchandise [05504] and her hire [0868] shall be holiness [06944] to the LORD [03068]: it shall not be treasured [0686] nor laid up [02630]; for her merchandise [05504] shall be for them that dwell [03427] before [06440] the LORD [03068], to eat [0398] sufficiently [07654], and for durable [06266] clothing [04374].

¹⁶ And as soon as she saw [04758] them with her eyes [05869], she doted [05689] upon them, and sent [07971] messengers [04397] unto them into Chaldea [03778].

³⁵ The violence [02555] done to me and to my flesh [07607] be upon Babylon [0894], shall the inhabitant [03427] of Zion [06726] say [0559]; and my blood [01818] upon the inhabitants [03427] of Chaldea [03778], shall Jerusalem [03389] say [0559].

²⁴ And I will render [07999] unto Babylon [0894] and to all the inhabitants [03427] of Chaldea [03778] all their evil [07451] that they have done [06213] in Zion [06726] in your sight [05869], saith [05002] the LORD [03068].

¹⁰ And Chaldea [03778] shall be a spoil [07998]: all that spoil [07997] her shall be satisfied [07646], saith [05002] the LORD [03068].

¹³ My net [07568] also will I spread [06566] upon him, and he shall be taken [08610] in my snare [04686]: and I will bring [0935] him to Babylon [0894] to the land [0776] of the Chaldeans [03778]; yet shall he not see [07200] it, though he shall die [04191] there.

¹² And it shall come to pass, when seventy [07657] years [08141] are accomplished [04390], that I will punish [06485] the king [04428] of Babylon [0894], and that nation [01471], saith [05002] the LORD [03068], for their iniquity [05771], and the land [0776] of the Chaldeans [03778], and will make [07760] it perpetual [05769] desolations [08077].

⁵ Thus saith [0559] the LORD [03068], the God [0430] of Israel [03478]; Like these good [02896] figs [08384], so will I acknowledge [05234] them that are carried away captive [01546] of Judah [03063], whom I have sent [07971] out of this place [04725] into the land [0776] of the Chaldeans [03778] for their good [02896].

²³ The Babylonians [01121] [0894], and all the Chaldeans [03778], Pekod [06489], and Shoa [07772], and Koa [06970], and all the Assyrians [01121] [0804] with them: all of them desirable [02531] young men [0970], captains [06346] and rulers [05461], great lords [07991] and renowned [07121], all of them riding [07392] upon horses [05483].

²⁴ Behold the mounts [05550], they are come [0935] unto the city [05892] to take [03920] it; and the city [05892] is given [05414] into the hand [03027] of the Chaldeans [03778], that fight [03898] against it, because [06440] of the sword [02719], and of the famine [07458], and of the pestilence [01698]: and what thou hast spoken [01696] is come to pass; and, behold, thou seest [07200] it.

⁴ And Zedekiah [06667] king [04428] of Judah [03063] shall not escape [04422] out of the hand [03027] of the Chaldeans [03778], but shall surely [05414] be delivered [05414] into the hand [03027] of the king [04428] of Babylon [0894], and shall speak [01696] with him mouth [06310] to mouth [06310], and his eyes [05869] shall behold [07200] his eyes [05869];

⁹ He that abideth [03427] in this city [05892] shall die [04191] by the sword [02719], and by the famine [07458], and by the pestilence [01698]: but he that goeth out [03318], and falleth [05307] to the Chaldeans [03778] that besiege [06696] you, he shall live [02421] [02421], and his life [05315] shall be unto him for a prey [07998].

²⁰ Go ye forth [03318] of Babylon [0894], flee [01272] ye from the Chaldeans [03778], with a voice [06963] of singing [07440] declare [05046] ye, tell [08085] this, utter [03318] it even to the end [07097] of the earth [0776]; say [0559] ye, The LORD [03068] hath redeemed [01350] his servant [05650] Jacob [03290].

¹⁴ All ye, assemble [06908] yourselves, and hear [08085]; which among them hath declared [05046] these things? The LORD [03068] hath loved [0157] him: he will do [06213] his pleasure [02656] on Babylon [0894], and his arm [02220] shall be on the Chaldeans [03778].

¹ Come down [03381], and sit [03427] in the dust [06083], O virgin [01330] daughter [01323] of Babylon [0894], sit [03427] on the ground [0776]: there is no throne [03678], O daughter [01323] of the Chaldeans [03778]: for thou shalt no more [03254] be called [07121] tender [07390] and delicate [06028].

¹⁴ Thus saith [0559] the LORD [03068], your redeemer [01350], the Holy One [06918] of Israel [03478]; For your sake I have sent [07971] to Babylon [0894], and have brought down [03381] all their nobles [01281], and the Chaldeans [03778], whose cry [07440] is in the ships [0591].

² And Joshua [03091] said [0559] unto all the people [05971], Thus saith [0559] the LORD [03068] God [0430] of Israel [03478], Your fathers [01] dwelt [03427] on the other side [05676] of the flood [05104] in old time [05769], even Terah [08646], the father [01] of Abraham [085], and the father [01] of Nachor [05152]: and they served [05647] other [0312] gods [0430].

³¹ And Terah [08646] took [03947] Abram [087] his son [01121], and Lot [03876] the son [01121] of Haran [02039] his son's [01121] son [01121], and Sarai [08297] his daughter in law [03618], his son [01121] Abram's [087] wife [0802]; and they went forth [03318] with them from Ur [0218] of the Chaldees [03778], to go [03212] into the land [0776] of Canaan [03667]; and they came [0935] unto Haran [02771], and dwelt [03427] there.

²⁸ And Haran [02039] died [04191] before [06440] his father [01] Terah [08646] in the land [0776] of his nativity [04138], in Ur [0218] of the Chaldees [03778].

¹⁵ Lo, I will bring [0935] a nation [01471] upon you from far [04801], O house [01004] of Israel [03478], saith [05002] the LORD [03068]: it is a mighty [0386] nation [01471], it is an ancient [05769] nation [01471], a nation [01471] whose language [03956] thou knowest [03045] not, neither understandest [08085] what they say [01696].

²² And Chesed [03777], and Hazo [02375], and Pildash [06394], and Jidlaph [03044], and Bethuel [01328].

¹¹ Thus saith [0559] the LORD [03068], Behold, I will raise up [06965] evil [07451] against thee out of thine own house [01004], and I will take [03947] thy wives [0802] before thine eyes [05869], and give [05414] them unto thy neighbour [07453], and he shall lie [07901] with thy wives [0802] in the sight [05869] of this sun [08121].

⁴ And he shall stand [05975] and feed [07462] in the strength [05797] of the LORD [03068], in the majesty [01347] of the name [08034] of the LORD [03068] his God [0430]; and they shall abide [03427]: for now shall he be great [01431] unto the ends [0657] of the earth [0776].

¹⁴ But, behold, I will raise up [06965] against you a nation [01471], O house [01004] of Israel [03478], saith [05002] the LORD [03068] the God [0430] of hosts [06635]; and they shall afflict [03905] you from the entering in [0935] of Hemath [02574] unto the river [05158] of the wilderness [06160].

¹¹ Then shall his mind [07307] change [02498], and he shall pass over [05674], and offend [0816], imputing this [02098] his power [03581] unto his god [0433].

⁹ They shall come [0935] all for violence [02555]: their faces [06440] shall sup up [04041] as the east wind [06921], and they shall gather [0622] the captivity [07628] as the sand [02344].

⁷ They are terrible [0366] and dreadful [03372]: their judgment [04941] and their dignity [07613] shall proceed [03318] of themselves.