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Selected Verse: Jeremiah 25:19 - Strong Concordance

Verse	Translation	Text
Jer 25:19	Strong Concordance	Pharaoh [06547] king [04428] of Egypt [04714], and his servants [05650], and his princes [08269], and all his people [05971];
	King James	Pharaoh king of Egypt, and his servants, and his princes, and all his people;

Summary Of Commentaries Associated With The Selected Verse

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A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]
Pharaoh--put next after Jerusalem, because the Jews had relied most on him, and Egypt and Judea stood on a common footing (Jer 46:2, Jer 46:25).

A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]

Pharaoh--put next after Jerusalem, because the Jews had relied most on him, and Egypt and Judea stood on a common footing (Jer 46:2, Jer 46:25).

Notes on the Bible, by Albert Barnes, [1834]
The arrangement is remarkable. Jeremiah begins with the south, Egypt; next Uz on the southeast, and Philistia on the southwest; next, Edom, Moab, and Ammon on the east, and Tyre, and Sidon, and the isles of the Mediterranean on the west; next, in the Far East, various Arabian nations, then northward to Media and Elam, and finally the kings of the north far and near.

Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78]
The enumeration of the heathen nations begins with Egypt and goes northwards, the peoples dwelling to the east and west of Judah being ranged alongside one another. First we have in Jer 25:20 the races of Arabia and Philistia that bordered on Egypt to the east and west; and then in Jer 25:21 the Edomites, Moabites, and Ammonites to the east, and, Jer 25:22, the Phoenicians with their colonies to the west. Next we have the Arabian tribes of the desert extending eastwards from Palestine to the Euphrates (Jer 25:23, Jer 25:24); then the Elamites and Medes in the distant east (Jer 25:25), the near and distant kings of the north, and all kingdoms upon earth; last of all the king of Babylon (Jer 25:26). כּל־הערב, lxx: πάντας τοῦς συμμίκτους, and Jerome: cunctusque qui non est Aegyptius, sed in ejus regionibus commoratur. The word means originally a mixed multitude of different races that attach themselves to one people and dwell as strangers amongst them; cf. Exo 12:38 and Neh 13:3. Here it is races that in part dwelt on the borders of Egypt and were in subjection to that people. It is rendered accordingly "vassals" by Ew.; an interpretation that suits the present verse very well, but will not do in Jer 25:24. It is certainly too narrow a view, to confine the reference of the word to the mercenaries or Ionian and Carian troops by whose help Necho's father Psammetichus acquired sole supremacy (Graf), although this be the reference of the same word in Eze 30:5. The land of Uz is, acc. to the present passage and to Lam 4:21, where the daughter of Edom dwells in the land of Uz, to be sought for in the neighbourhood of Idumaea and the Egyptian border. To delete the words "and all the kings of the land of Uz" as a gloss, with Hitz. and Gr., because they are not in the lxx, is an exercise of critical violence. The lxx omitted them for the same reason as that on which Hitz. still lays stress - namely, that they manifestly do not belong to this place, but to Jer 25:23. And this argument is based on the idea that the land of Uz ( ̓Αυσῖτις) lies much farther to the north in Arabia Deserta, in the Hauran or the region of Damascus, or that it is a collective name for the whole northern region of Arabia Deserta that stretches from Idumaea as far as Syria; see Del. on Job 1:1, and Wetzstein in Del.'s Job, S. 536f. This is an assumption for which valid proofs are not before us. The late oriental legends as to Job's native country do not suffice for this. The kings of the land of the Philistines are the kings of the four towns next in order mentioned, with their territories, cf. Jos 13:3; Sa1 6:4. The fifth of the towns of the lords of the Philistines, Gath, is omitted here as it was before this, in Amo 1:7. and Zep 2:4, and later in Zac 9:5, not because Gath had already fallen into premature decay; for in Amos' time Gath was still a very important city. It is rather, apparently, because Gath had ceased to be the capital of a separate kingdom or principality. There is remaining now only a remnant of Ashdod; for after a twenty-nine years' siege, this town was taken by Psammetichus and destroyed (Herod. ii. 157), so that thus the whole territory great lost its importance. Jer 25:21. On Edom, Moab, and the Ammonites, cf. Jer 49:7-22; Jer 48:1; Jer 49:1-6. Jer 25:22. The plural: "kings of Tyre and Sidon," is to be understood as in Jer 25:18. With them are mentioned "the kings of the island" or "of the coast" land, that is, beyond the (Mediterranean) Sea. האי is not Κύπρος (Cyprus), but means, generally, the Phoenician colonies in and upon the Mediterranean. Of the Arabian tribes mentioned in Jer 25:23, the Dedanites are those descended from the Cushite Dedan and living ear Edom, with whom, however, the Abrahamic Dedanite had probably mingled; a famous commercial people, Isa 21:13; Eze 27:15, Eze 27:20; Eze 38:13; Job 6:19. Tema is not Tm beyond the Hauran (Wetzst. Reiseber. S. 21 and 93ff.; cf. on the other hand, the same in Del.'s Job, S. 526), but Tem situated on the pilgrims' route from Damascus to Mecca, between Tebk and Wadi el Kora, see Del. on Isa 21:14; here, accordingly, the Arabian tribe settled there. Buz is the Arabian race sprung from the second son of Nahor. As to "hair-corners polled," see on Jer 9:25. - The two appellations ערב and "the mixed races that dwell in the wilderness" comprehend the whole of the Arabian races, not merely those that are left after deducting the already (Jer 25:23) mentioned nomad tribes. The latter also dwelt in the wilderness, and the word ערב is a general name, not for the whole of Arabia, but for the nomadic Arabs, see on Eze 27:21, whose tribal chieftains, here called kings, are in Ezek. called נשׂיאים. In Jer 25:25 come three very remote peoples of the east and north-east: Zimri, Elamites, and Medes. The name Zimri is found only here, and has been connected by the Syr. and most comm. with Zimran, Gen 25:2, a son of Abraham and Keturah. Accordingly זמרי would stand for זמרני, and might be identified with Ζαβράμ, Ptol. vi. 7, 5, a people which occupied a territory between the Arabs and Persians - which would seem to suit our passage. The reference is certainly not to the Ζεμβρῖται in Ethiopia, in the region of the later priestly city Mero (Strabo, 786). On Elam, see on Jer 49:34. Finally, to make the list complete, Jer 25:26 mentions the kings of the north, those near and those far, and all the kingdoms of the earth. המּמלכות with the article in stat. constr. against the rule. Hence Hitz. and Graf infer that הארץ may not be genuine, it being at the same time superfluous and not given in the lxx. This may be possible, but it is not certain; for in Isa 23:17 we find the same pleonastic mode of expression, and there are precedents for the article with the nomen regens. "The one to (or with) the other" means: according as the kingdoms of the north stand in relation to one another, far or near. - After the mention of all the kings and peoples on whom the king of Babylon is to execute judgment, it is said that he himself must at last drink the cup of wrath. שׁשׁך is, according to Jer 51:41, a name for Babylon, as Jerome states, presumably on the authority of his Jewish teacher, who followed the tradition. The name is formed acc. to the Canon Atbash, in virtue of which the letters of the alphabet were put one for the other in the inverse order (ת for א, שׁ for ב, etc.); thus שׁ would correspond to ב and כ to ל. Cf. Buxtorf, Lex. talm. s.v. אתבשׁ and de abbreviaturis hebr. p. 41. A like example is found in Jer 51:1, where כּשׂדּים is represented by לב קמי yb d. The assertion of Gesen. that this way of playing with words was not then in use, is groundless, as it also Hitz.'s, when he says it appeared first during the exile, and is consequently none of Jeremiah's work. It is also erroneous when many comm. remark, that Jeremiah made use of the mysterious name from the fear of weakening the impression of terror which the name of Babylon ought to make on their minds. These assumptions are refuted by Jer 25:12, where there is threatening of the punishment of spoliation made against the king of Babylon and the land of the Chaldeans; and by Jer 51:41, where alongside of Sheshach we find in parallelism Babylon. The Atbash is, both originally and in the present case, no mere playing with words, but a transposition of the letters so as to gain a significant meaning, as may plainly be seen in the transposition to לב , Jer 51:1. This is the case with Sheshach also, which would be a contraction of שׁכשׁך (see Ew. 158, c), from שׁכך, to sink (of the water, Gen 8:1), to crouch (of the bird-catcher, Jer 5:26). The sig. is therefore a sinking down, so that the threatening, Jer 51:64 : Babel shall sink and not rise again, constitutes a commentary on the name; cf. Hgstb. Christ. iii. p. 377. The name does not sig. humiliation, in support of which Graf has recourse partly to שׁחה, partly to the Arabic usage. For other arbitrary interpretations, see in Ges. thes. p. 1486. (Note: As has been done with the whole or with parts of Jer 25:12-14, so too the last clause of Jer 25:26 is pronounced by Ew., Hitz., and Graf to be spurious, a gloss that had ultimately found its way into the text. This is affirmed because the clause is wanting in the lxx, and because the prophet could not fitly threaten Babylon along with the other nations (Hitz.); or because "the specification of a single kingdom seems very much out of place, after the enumeration of the countries that are to drink the cup of wrath has been concluded by the preceding comprehensive intimation, 'all the kingdoms of the earth' " (Gr.). Both reasons are valueless. By "shall drink after them" Babylon is sufficiently distinguished from the other kings and countries mentioned, and the reason is given why Babylon is not put on the same footing with them, but is to be made to drink after them.)

Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78]

The enumeration of the heathen nations begins with Egypt and goes northwards, the peoples dwelling to the east and west of Judah being ranged alongside one another. First we have in Jer 25:20 the races of Arabia and Philistia that bordered on Egypt to the east and west; and then in Jer 25:21 the Edomites, Moabites, and Ammonites to the east, and, Jer 25:22, the Phoenicians with their colonies to the west. Next we have the Arabian tribes of the desert extending eastwards from Palestine to the Euphrates (Jer 25:23, Jer 25:24); then the Elamites and Medes in the distant east (Jer 25:25), the near and distant kings of the north, and all kingdoms upon earth; last of all the king of Babylon (Jer 25:26). כּל־הערב, lxx: πάντας τοῦς συμμίκτους, and Jerome: cunctusque qui non est Aegyptius, sed in ejus regionibus commoratur. The word means originally a mixed multitude of different races that attach themselves to one people and dwell as strangers amongst them; cf. Exo 12:38 and Neh 13:3. Here it is races that in part dwelt on the borders of Egypt and were in subjection to that people. It is rendered accordingly "vassals" by Ew.; an interpretation that suits the present verse very well, but will not do in Jer 25:24. It is certainly too narrow a view, to confine the reference of the word to the mercenaries or Ionian and Carian troops by whose help Necho's father Psammetichus acquired sole supremacy (Graf), although this be the reference of the same word in Eze 30:5. The land of Uz is, acc. to the present passage and to Lam 4:21, where the daughter of Edom dwells in the land of Uz, to be sought for in the neighbourhood of Idumaea and the Egyptian border. To delete the words "and all the kings of the land of Uz" as a gloss, with Hitz. and Gr., because they are not in the lxx, is an exercise of critical violence. The lxx omitted them for the same reason as that on which Hitz. still lays stress - namely, that they manifestly do not belong to this place, but to Jer 25:23. And this argument is based on the idea that the land of Uz ( ̓Αυσῖτις) lies much farther to the north in Arabia Deserta, in the Hauran or the region of Damascus, or that it is a collective name for the whole northern region of Arabia Deserta that stretches from Idumaea as far as Syria; see Del. on Job 1:1, and Wetzstein in Del.'s Job, S. 536f. This is an assumption for which valid proofs are not before us. The late oriental legends as to Job's native country do not suffice for this. The kings of the land of the Philistines are the kings of the four towns next in order mentioned, with their territories, cf. Jos 13:3; Sa1 6:4. The fifth of the towns of the lords of the Philistines, Gath, is omitted here as it was before this, in Amo 1:7. and Zep 2:4, and later in Zac 9:5, not because Gath had already fallen into premature decay; for in Amos' time Gath was still a very important city. It is rather, apparently, because Gath had ceased to be the capital of a separate kingdom or principality. There is remaining now only a remnant of Ashdod; for after a twenty-nine years' siege, this town was taken by Psammetichus and destroyed (Herod. ii. 157), so that thus the whole territory great lost its importance. Jer 25:21. On Edom, Moab, and the Ammonites, cf. Jer 49:7-22; Jer 48:1; Jer 49:1-6. Jer 25:22. The plural: "kings of Tyre and Sidon," is to be understood as in Jer 25:18. With them are mentioned "the kings of the island" or "of the coast" land, that is, beyond the (Mediterranean) Sea. האי is not Κύπρος (Cyprus), but means, generally, the Phoenician colonies in and upon the Mediterranean. Of the Arabian tribes mentioned in Jer 25:23, the Dedanites are those descended from the Cushite Dedan and living ear Edom, with whom, however, the Abrahamic Dedanite had probably mingled; a famous commercial people, Isa 21:13; Eze 27:15, Eze 27:20; Eze 38:13; Job 6:19. Tema is not Tm beyond the Hauran (Wetzst. Reiseber. S. 21 and 93ff.; cf. on the other hand, the same in Del.'s Job, S. 526), but Tem situated on the pilgrims' route from Damascus to Mecca, between Tebk and Wadi el Kora, see Del. on Isa 21:14; here, accordingly, the Arabian tribe settled there. Buz is the Arabian race sprung from the second son of Nahor. As to "hair-corners polled," see on Jer 9:25. - The two appellations ערב and "the mixed races that dwell in the wilderness" comprehend the whole of the Arabian races, not merely those that are left after deducting the already (Jer 25:23) mentioned nomad tribes. The latter also dwelt in the wilderness, and the word ערב is a general name, not for the whole of Arabia, but for the nomadic Arabs, see on Eze 27:21, whose tribal chieftains, here called kings, are in Ezek. called נשׂיאים. In Jer 25:25 come three very remote peoples of the east and north-east: Zimri, Elamites, and Medes. The name Zimri is found only here, and has been connected by the Syr. and most comm. with Zimran, Gen 25:2, a son of Abraham and Keturah. Accordingly זמרי would stand for זמרני, and might be identified with Ζαβράμ, Ptol. vi. 7, 5, a people which occupied a territory between the Arabs and Persians - which would seem to suit our passage. The reference is certainly not to the Ζεμβρῖται in Ethiopia, in the region of the later priestly city Mero (Strabo, 786). On Elam, see on Jer 49:34.

Finally, to make the list complete, Jer 25:26 mentions the kings of the north, those near and those far, and all the kingdoms of the earth. המּמלכות with the article in stat. constr. against the rule. Hence Hitz. and Graf infer that הארץ may not be genuine, it being at the same time superfluous and not given in the lxx. This may be possible, but it is not certain; for in Isa 23:17 we find the same pleonastic mode of expression, and there are precedents for the article with the nomen regens. "The one to (or with) the other" means: according as the kingdoms of the north stand in relation to one another, far or near. - After the mention of all the kings and peoples on whom the king of Babylon is to execute judgment, it is said that he himself must at last drink the cup of wrath. שׁשׁך is, according to Jer 51:41, a name for Babylon, as Jerome states, presumably on the authority of his Jewish teacher, who followed the tradition. The name is formed acc. to the Canon Atbash, in virtue of which the letters of the alphabet were put one for the other in the inverse order (ת for א, שׁ for ב, etc.); thus שׁ would correspond to ב and כ to ל. Cf. Buxtorf, Lex. talm. s.v. אתבשׁ and de abbreviaturis hebr. p. 41. A like example is found in Jer 51:1, where כּשׂדּים is represented by לב קמי yb d. The assertion of Gesen. that this way of playing with words was not then in use, is groundless, as it also Hitz.'s, when he says it appeared first during the exile, and is consequently none of Jeremiah's work. It is also erroneous when many comm. remark, that Jeremiah made use of the mysterious name from the fear of weakening the impression of terror which the name of Babylon ought to make on their minds. These assumptions are refuted by Jer 25:12, where there is threatening of the punishment of spoliation made against the king of Babylon and the land of the Chaldeans; and by Jer 51:41, where alongside of Sheshach we find in parallelism Babylon. The Atbash is, both originally and in the present case, no mere playing with words, but a transposition of the letters so as to gain a significant meaning, as may plainly be seen in the transposition to לב , Jer 51:1. This is the case with Sheshach also, which would be a contraction of שׁכשׁך (see Ew. 158, c), from שׁכך, to sink (of the water, Gen 8:1), to crouch (of the bird-catcher, Jer 5:26). The sig. is therefore a sinking down, so that the threatening, Jer 51:64 : Babel shall sink and not rise again, constitutes a commentary on the name; cf. Hgstb. Christ. iii. p. 377. The name does not sig. humiliation, in support of which Graf has recourse partly to שׁחה, partly to the Arabic usage. For other arbitrary interpretations, see in Ges. thes. p. 1486.

(Note: As has been done with the whole or with parts of Jer 25:12-14, so too the last clause of Jer 25:26 is pronounced by Ew., Hitz., and Graf to be spurious, a gloss that had ultimately found its way into the text. This is affirmed because the clause is wanting in the lxx, and because the prophet could not fitly threaten Babylon along with the other nations (Hitz.); or because "the specification of a single kingdom seems very much out of place, after the enumeration of the countries that are to drink the cup of wrath has been concluded by the preceding comprehensive intimation, 'all the kingdoms of the earth' " (Gr.). Both reasons are valueless. By "shall drink after them" Babylon is sufficiently distinguished from the other kings and countries mentioned, and the reason is given why Babylon is not put on the same footing with them, but is to be made to drink after them.)

Adam Clarke Commentary on the Whole Bible - Published 1810-1826
Pharaoh king of Egypt - This was Pharaoh-necho, who was the principal cause of instigating the neighboring nations to form a league against the Chaldeans.

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²⁵ The LORD [03068] of hosts [06635], the God [0430] of Israel [03478], saith [0559]; Behold, I will punish [06485] the multitude [0527] [0528] of No [04996], and Pharaoh [06547], and Egypt [04714], with their gods [0430], and their kings [04428]; even Pharaoh [06547], and all them that trust [0982] in him:

² Against Egypt [04714], against the army [02428] of Pharaohnecho [06549] king [04428] of Egypt [04714], which was by the river [05104] Euphrates [06578] in Carchemish [03751], which Nebuchadrezzar [05019] king [04428] of Babylon [0894] smote [05221] in the fourth [07243] year [08141] of Jehoiakim [03079] the son [01121] of Josiah [02977] king [04428] of Judah [03063].

²⁶ And all the kings [04428] of the north [06828], far [07350] and near [07138], one [0376] with another [0251], and all the kingdoms [04467] of the world [0776], which are upon the face [06440] of the earth [0127]: and the king [04428] of Sheshach [08347] shall drink [08354] after [0310] them.

¹² And it shall come to pass, when seventy [07657] years [08141] are accomplished [04390], that I will punish [06485] the king [04428] of Babylon [0894], and that nation [01471], saith [05002] the LORD [03068], for their iniquity [05771], and the land [0776] of the Chaldeans [03778], and will make [07760] it perpetual [05769] desolations [08077].
¹³ And I will bring [0935] upon that land [0776] all my words [01697] which I have pronounced [01696] against it, even all that is written [03789] in this book [05612], which Jeremiah [03414] hath prophesied [05012] against all the nations [01471].
¹⁴ For many [07227] nations [01471] and great [01419] kings [04428] shall serve [05647] themselves of them also: and I will recompense [07999] them according to their deeds [06467], and according to the works [04639] of their own hands [03027].

⁶⁴ And thou shalt say [0559], Thus shall Babylon [0894] sink [08257], and shall not rise [06965] from [06440] the evil [07451] that I will bring [0935] upon her: and they shall be weary [03286]. Thus far are the words [01697] of Jeremiah [03414].

²⁶ For among my people [05971] are found [04672] wicked [07563] men: they lay wait [07789], as he that setteth [07918] snares [03353]; they set [05324] a trap [04889], they catch [03920] men [0582].

¹ And God [0430] remembered [02142] Noah [05146], and every living thing [02416], and all the cattle [0929] that was with him in the ark [08392]: and God [0430] made [05674] a wind [07307] to pass [05674] over [05921] the earth [0776], and the waters [04325] asswaged [07918];

¹ Thus saith [0559] the LORD [03068]; Behold, I will raise up [05782] against Babylon [0894], and against them that dwell [03427] in the midst [03820] of them that rise up [06965] against me, a destroying [07843] wind [07307];

⁴¹ How is Sheshach [08347] taken [03920] ! and how is the praise [08416] of the whole earth [0776] surprised [08610] ! how is Babylon [0894] become an astonishment [08047] among the nations [01471]!

¹⁷ And it shall come to pass after the end [07093] of seventy [07657] years [08141], that the LORD [03068] will visit [06485] Tyre [06865], and she shall turn [07725] to her hire [0868], and shall commit fornication [02181] with all the kingdoms [04467] of the world [0776] upon the face [06440] of the earth [0127].

³⁴ The word [01697] of the LORD [03068] that came to Jeremiah [03414] the prophet [05030] against Elam [05867] in the beginning [07225] of the reign [04438] of Zedekiah [06667] king [04428] of Judah [03063], saying [0559],

² And she bare [03205] him Zimran [02175], and Jokshan [03370], and Medan [04091], and Midian [04080], and Ishbak [03435], and Shuah [07744].

²⁵ And all the kings [04428] of Zimri [02174], and all the kings [04428] of Elam [05867], and all the kings [04428] of the Medes [04074],

²¹ Arabia [06152], and all the princes [05387] of Kedar [06938], they occupied [05503] with thee [03027] in lambs [03733], and rams [0352], and goats [06260]: in these were they thy merchants [05503].

²³ Dedan [01719], and Tema [08485], and Buz [0938], and all that are in the utmost [07112] corners [06285],

²⁵ Behold, the days [03117] come [0935], saith [05002] the LORD [03068], that I will punish [06485] all them which are circumcised [04135] with the uncircumcised [06190];

¹⁴ The inhabitants [03427] of the land [0776] of Tema [08485] brought [0857] water [04325] to him [07125] that was thirsty [06771], they prevented [06923] with their bread [03899] him that fled [05074].

¹⁹ The troops [0734] of Tema [08485] looked [05027], the companies [01979] of Sheba [07614] waited [06960] for them.

¹³ Sheba [07614], and Dedan [01719], and the merchants [05503] of Tarshish [08659], with all the young lions [03715] thereof, shall say [0559] unto thee, Art thou come [0935] to take [07997] a spoil [07998]? hast thou gathered [06950] thy company [06951] to take [0962] a prey [0957]? to carry away [05375] silver [03701] and gold [02091], to take away [03947] cattle [04735] and goods [07075], to take [07997] a great [01419] spoil [07998]?

²⁰ Dedan [01719] was thy merchant [07402] in precious [02667] clothes [0899] for chariots [07396].

¹⁵ The men [01121] of Dedan [01719] were thy merchants [07402]; many [07227] isles [0339] were the merchandise [05506] of thine hand [03027]: they brought [07725] thee for a present [0814] horns [07161] of ivory [08127] and ebony [01894].

¹³ The burden [04853] upon Arabia [06152]. In the forest [03293] in Arabia [06152] shall ye lodge [03885], O ye travelling companies [0736] of Dedanim [01720].

²³ Dedan [01719], and Tema [08485], and Buz [0938], and all that are in the utmost [07112] corners [06285],

¹⁸ To wit, Jerusalem [03389], and the cities [05892] of Judah [03063], and the kings [04428] thereof, and the princes [08269] thereof, to make [05414] them a desolation [02723], an astonishment [08047], an hissing [08322], and a curse [07045]; as it is this day [03117];

²² And all the kings [04428] of Tyrus [06865], and all the kings [04428] of Zidon [06721], and the kings [04428] of the isles [0339] which are beyond [05676] the sea [03220],

¹ Concerning the Ammonites [01121] [05983], thus saith [0559] the LORD [03068]; Hath Israel [03478] no sons [01121]? hath he no heir [03423]? why then doth their king [04428] inherit [03423] Gad [01410], and his people [05971] dwell [03427] in his cities [05892]?
² Therefore, behold, the days [03117] come [0935], saith [0559] the LORD [03068], that I will cause an alarm [08643] of war [04421] to be heard [08085] in Rabbah [07237] of the Ammonites [01121] [05983]; and it shall be a desolate [08077] heap [08510], and her daughters [01323] shall be burned [03341] with fire [0784]: then shall Israel [03478] be heir [03423] unto them that were his heirs [03423], saith [05002] the LORD [03068].
³ Howl [03213], O Heshbon [02809], for Ai [05857] is spoiled [07703]: cry [06817], ye daughters [01323] of Rabbah [07237], gird [02296] you with sackcloth [08242]; lament [05594], and run to and fro [07751] by the hedges [01448]; for their king [04428] shall go [03212] into captivity [01473], and his priests [03548] and his princes [08269] together [03162].
⁴ Wherefore gloriest [01984] thou in the valleys [06010], thy flowing [02100] valley [06010], O backsliding [07728] daughter [01323]? that trusted [0982] in her treasures [0214], saying, Who shall come [0935] unto me?
⁵ Behold, I will bring [0935] a fear [06343] upon thee, saith [05002] the Lord [0136] GOD [03069] of hosts [06635], from all those that be about [05439] thee; and ye shall be driven out [05080] every man [0376] right forth [06440]; and none shall gather up [06908] him that wandereth [05074].
⁶ And afterward [0310] I will bring again [07725] the captivity [07622] of the children [01121] of Ammon [05983], saith [05002] the LORD [03068].

¹ Against Moab [04124] thus saith [0559] the LORD [03068] of hosts [06635], the God [0430] of Israel [03478]; Woe [01945] unto Nebo [05015]! for it is spoiled [07703]: Kiriathaim [07156] is confounded [03001] and taken [03920]: Misgab [04869] is confounded [03001] and dismayed [02865].

²¹ Edom [0123], and Moab [04124], and the children [01121] of Ammon [05983],

⁵ Ashkelon [0831] shall see [07200] it, and fear [03372]; Gaza [05804] also shall see it, and be very [03966] sorrowful [02342], and Ekron [06138]; for her expectation [04007] shall be ashamed [03001]; and the king [04428] shall perish [06] from Gaza [05804], and Ashkelon [0831] shall not be inhabited [03427].

⁴ For Gaza [05804] shall be forsaken [05800], and Ashkelon [0831] a desolation [08077]: they shall drive out [01644] Ashdod [0795] at the noon day [06672], and Ekron [06138] shall be rooted up [06131].

⁷ But I will send [07971] a fire [0784] on the wall [02346] of Gaza [05804], which shall devour [0398] the palaces [0759] thereof:

⁴ Then said [0559] they, What shall be the trespass offering [0817] which we shall return [07725] to him? They answered [0559], Five [02568] golden [02091] emerods [02914] [06076], and five [02568] golden [02091] mice [05909], according to the number [04557] of the lords [05633] of the Philistines [06430]: for one [0259] plague [04046] was on you all, and on your lords [05633].

³ From Sihor [07883], which is before [06440] Egypt [04714], even unto the borders [01366] of Ekron [06138] northward [06828], which is counted [02803] to the Canaanite [03669]: five [02568] lords [05633] of the Philistines [06430]; the Gazathites [05841], and the Ashdothites [0796], the Eshkalonites [0832], the Gittites [01663], and the Ekronites [06139]; also the Avites [05761]:

¹ There was a man [0376] in the land [0776] of Uz [05780], whose name [08034] was Job [0347]; and that man [0376] was perfect [08535] and upright [03477], and one that feared [03373] God [0430], and eschewed [05493] evil [07451].

²³ Dedan [01719], and Tema [08485], and Buz [0938], and all that are in the utmost [07112] corners [06285],

²¹ Rejoice [07797] and be glad [08055], O daughter [01323] of Edom [0123], that dwellest [03427] in the land [0776] of Uz [05780]; the cup [03563] also shall pass [05674] through unto thee: thou shalt be drunken [07937], and shalt make thyself naked [06168].

⁵ Ethiopia [03568], and Libya [06316], and Lydia [03865], and all the mingled [06153] people, and Chub [03552], and the men [01121] of the land [0776] that is in league [01285], shall fall [05307] with them by the sword [02719].

²⁴ And all the kings [04428] of Arabia [06152], and all the kings [04428] of the mingled people [06153] that dwell [07931] in the desert [04057],

³ Now it came to pass, when they had heard [08085] the law [08451], that they separated [0914] from Israel [03478] all the mixed multitude [06154].

³⁸ And a mixed [06154] multitude [07227] went up [05927] also with them; and flocks [06629], and herds [01241], even very [03966] much [03515] cattle [04735].

²⁵ And all the kings [04428] of Zimri [02174], and all the kings [04428] of Elam [05867], and all the kings [04428] of the Medes [04074],

²⁴ And all the kings [04428] of Arabia [06152], and all the kings [04428] of the mingled people [06153] that dwell [07931] in the desert [04057],

²³ Dedan [01719], and Tema [08485], and Buz [0938], and all that are in the utmost [07112] corners [06285],

²² And all the kings [04428] of Tyrus [06865], and all the kings [04428] of Zidon [06721], and the kings [04428] of the isles [0339] which are beyond [05676] the sea [03220],

²¹ Edom [0123], and Moab [04124], and the children [01121] of Ammon [05983],

²⁰ And all the mingled [06153] people, and all the kings [04428] of the land [0776] of Uz [05780], and all the kings [04428] of the land [0776] of the Philistines [06430], and Ashkelon [0831], and Azzah [05804], and Ekron [06138], and the remnant [07611] of Ashdod [0795],