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Selected Verse: Isaiah 14:12 - Strong Concordance

Verse	Translation	Text
Isa 14:12	Strong Concordance	How art thou fallen [05307] from heaven [08064], O Lucifer [01966], son [01121] of the morning [07837] [03213] ! how art thou cut down [01438] to the ground [0776], which didst weaken [02522] the nations [01471]!
	King James	How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! how art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations!

Summary Of Commentaries Associated With The Selected Verse

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A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]
THE JEWS ADDRESS HIM AGAIN AS A FALLEN ONCE-BRIGHT STAR. (Isa 14:12-15) Lucifer--"day star." A title truly belonging to Christ (Rev 22:16), "the bright and morning star," and therefore hereafter to be assumed by Antichrist. GESENIUS, however, renders the Hebrew here as in Eze 21:12; Zac 11:2, "howl." weaken--"prostrate"; as in Exo 17:13, "discomfit."

A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]

THE JEWS ADDRESS HIM AGAIN AS A FALLEN ONCE-BRIGHT STAR. (Isa 14:12-15)

Lucifer--"day star." A title truly belonging to Christ (Rev 22:16), "the bright and morning star," and therefore hereafter to be assumed by Antichrist. GESENIUS, however, renders the Hebrew here as in Eze 21:12; Zac 11:2, "howl."

weaken--"prostrate"; as in Exo 17:13, "discomfit."

Notes on the Bible, by Albert Barnes, [1834]
How art thou fallen from heaven - A new image is presented here. It is that of the bright morning star; and a comparison of the once magnificent monarch with that beautiful star. He is now exhibited as having fallen from his place in the east to the earth. His glory is dimmed; his brightness quenched. Nothing can be more poetic and beautiful than a comparison of a magnificent monarch with the bright morning star! Nothing more striking in representing his death, than the idea of that star falling to the earth! Lucifer - Margin, 'Day-star' (הילל hēylēl, from הלל hâlal, "to shine"). The word in Hebrew occurs as a noun nowhere else. In two other places Eze 21:12; Zac 11:2, it is used as a verb in the imperative mood of Hiphil, and is translated 'howl' from the verb ילל yālal, "to howl" or "cry." Gesenius and Rosenmuller suppose that it should be so rendered here. So Noyes renders it, 'Howl, son of the morning!' But the common translation seems to be preferable. The Septuagint renders it, Ἑωσφόρος Heōsphoros, and the Vulgate, 'Lucifer, the morning star.' The Chaldee, 'How art thou fallen from high, who wert splendid among the sons of men.' There can be no doubt that the object in the eve of the prophet was the bright morning star; and his design was to compare this magnificent oriental monarch with that. The comparison of a monarch with the sun, or the other heavenly bodies, is common in the Scriptures. Son of the morning - This is a Hebraism (see the note at Mat 1:1), and signifies that that bright star is, as it were, the production, or the offspring of morning; or that it belongs to the morning. The word 'son' often thus denotes possession, or that one thing belongs to another. The same star in one place represents the Son of God himself; Rev 21:16 : 'I am - the bright and morning star.' Which didst weaken the nations - By thy oppressions and exactions, rendering once mighty nations feeble.

The Scofield Bible Commentary, by Cyrus Ingerson Scofield, [1917]
son of the morning Verses 12-14 (Isa 14:12-14) evidently refer to Satan, who, as prince of this world-system (see "World," (Joh 7:7). (See Scofield) - (Rev 13:8) is the real unseen ruler of the successive world-powers. Tyre, Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, Rome, etc. (see (Eze 28:12-14) Lucifer, "day-star," can be none other that Satan. This tremendous passage marks the beginning of sin in the universe. When Lucifer said, "I will," sin began. See (See Scofield) - (Rev 20:10). See other instances of addressing Satan through another, (Gen 3:15); (Mat 16:22); (Mat 16:23).

Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78]
"How art thou fallen from the sky, thou star of light, sun of the dawn, hurled down to the earth, thou that didst throw down nations from above?" הילל is here the morning star (from hâlal, to shine, resolved from hillel, after the form מאן, Jer 13:10, סעף, Psa 119:113, or rather attaching itself as a third class to the forms היכל, עירם: compare the Arabic sairaf, exchanger; saikal, sword-cleaner). It derives its name in other ancient languages also from its striking brilliancy, and is here called ben-shachar (sun of the dawn), just as in the classical mythology it is called son of Eos, from the fact that it rises before the sun, and swims in the morning light as if that were the source of its birth. (Note: It is singular, however, that among the Semitic nations the morning star is not personified as a male (Heōsphoros or Phōsphoros), but as a female (Astarte, see at Isa 17:8), and that it is called Nâghâh, Ashtoreth, Zuhara, but never by a name derived from hâlal; whilst the moon is regarded as a male deity (Sin), and in Arabic hilâl signifies the new moon, which might be called ben- shacar (son of the dawn), from the fact that, from the time when it passes out of the invisibility of its first phase, it is seen at sunrise, and is as it were born out of the dawn.) Lucifer, as a name given to the devil, was derived from this passage, which the fathers (and lately Stier) interpreted, without any warrant whatever, as relating to the apostasy and punishment of the angelic leaders. The appellation is a perfectly appropriate one for the king of Babel, on account of the early date of the Babylonian culture, which reached back as far as the grey twilight of primeval times, and also because of its predominant astrological character. The additional epithet chōlēsh ‛al-gōyim is founded upon the idea of the influxus siderum: (Note: In a similar manner, the sun-god (San) is called the "conqueror of the king's enemies," "breaker of opposition," etc., on the early Babylonian monuments (see G. Rawlinson, The Five Great Monarchies, i. 160).) cholesh signifies "overthrowing" or laying down (Exo 17:13), and with ‛al, "bringing defeat upon;" whilst the Talmud (b. Sabbath 149b) uses it in the sense of projiciens sortem, and thus throws light upon the cholesh (= purah, lot) of the Mishnah. A retrospective glance is now cast at the self-deification of the king of Babylon, in which he was the antitype of the devil and the type of antichrist (Dan 11:36; Th2 2:4), and which had met with its reward.

Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78]

"How art thou fallen from the sky, thou star of light, sun of the dawn, hurled down to the earth, thou that didst throw down nations from above?" הילל is here the morning star (from hâlal, to shine, resolved from hillel, after the form מאן, Jer 13:10, סעף, Psa 119:113, or rather attaching itself as a third class to the forms היכל, עירם: compare the Arabic sairaf, exchanger; saikal, sword-cleaner). It derives its name in other ancient languages also from its striking brilliancy, and is here called ben-shachar (sun of the dawn), just as in the classical mythology it is called son of Eos, from the fact that it rises before the sun, and swims in the morning light as if that were the source of its birth.

(Note: It is singular, however, that among the Semitic nations the morning star is not personified as a male (Heōsphoros or Phōsphoros), but as a female (Astarte, see at Isa 17:8), and that it is called Nâghâh, Ashtoreth, Zuhara, but never by a name derived from hâlal; whilst the moon is regarded as a male deity (Sin), and in Arabic hilâl signifies the new moon, which might be called ben- shacar (son of the dawn), from the fact that, from the time when it passes out of the invisibility of its first phase, it is seen at sunrise, and is as it were born out of the dawn.)

Lucifer, as a name given to the devil, was derived from this passage, which the fathers (and lately Stier) interpreted, without any warrant whatever, as relating to the apostasy and punishment of the angelic leaders. The appellation is a perfectly appropriate one for the king of Babel, on account of the early date of the Babylonian culture, which reached back as far as the grey twilight of primeval times, and also because of its predominant astrological character. The additional epithet chōlēsh ‛al-gōyim is founded upon the idea of the influxus siderum:

(Note: In a similar manner, the sun-god (San) is called the "conqueror of the king's enemies," "breaker of opposition," etc., on the early Babylonian monuments (see G. Rawlinson, The Five Great Monarchies, i. 160).)

cholesh signifies "overthrowing" or laying down (Exo 17:13), and with ‛al, "bringing defeat upon;" whilst the Talmud (b. Sabbath 149b) uses it in the sense of projiciens sortem, and thus throws light upon the cholesh (= purah, lot) of the Mishnah. A retrospective glance is now cast at the self-deification of the king of Babylon, in which he was the antitype of the devil and the type of antichrist (Dan 11:36; Th2 2:4), and which had met with its reward.

Explanatory Notes on the Whole Bible, by John Wesley [1754-65]
Fallen - From the height of thy glory. Lucifer - Which properly is a bright star, that ushers in the morning; but is here metaphorically taken for the mighty king of Babylon. Son - The title of son is given in scripture not only to a person or thing begotten or produced by another, but also to any thing which is related, to it, in which sense we read of the son of a night, Jon 4:10, a son of perdition, Joh 17:12, and, which is more agreeable, to the present case, the sons of Arcturus, Job 38:32.

Adam Clarke Commentary on the Whole Bible - Published 1810-1826
O Lucifer, son of the morning - The Versions in general agree in this translation, and render הילל heilel as signifying Lucifer, Φωσφωρος, the morning star, whether Jupiter or Venus; as these are both bringers of the morning light, or morning stars, annually in their turn. And although the context speaks explicitly concerning Nebuchadnezzar, yet this has been, I know not why, applied to the chief of the fallen angels, who is most incongruously denominated Lucifer, (the bringer of light!) an epithet as common to him as those of Satan and Devil. That the Holy Spirit by his prophets should call this arch-enemy of God and man the light-bringer, would be strange indeed. But the truth is, the text speaks nothing at all concerning Satan nor his fall, nor the occasion of that fall, which many divines have with great confidence deduced from this text. O how necessary it is to understand the literal meaning of Scripture, that preposterous comments may be prevented! Besides, I doubt much whether our translation be correct. הילל heilel, which we translate Lucifer, comes from ילל yalal, yell, howl, or shriek, and should be translated, "Howl, son of the morning;" and so the Syriac has understood it; and for this meaning Michaelis contends: see his reasons in Parkhurst, under הלל halal.

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¹³ And Joshua [03091] discomfited [02522] Amalek [06002] and his people [05971] with the edge [06310] of the sword [02719].

² Howl [03213], fir tree [01265]; for the cedar [0730] is fallen [05307]; because the mighty [0117] are spoiled [07703]: howl [03213], O ye oaks [0437] of Bashan [01316]; for the forest [03293] of the vintage [01208] [01219] is come down [03381].

¹² Cry [02199] and howl [03213], son [01121] of man [0120]: for it shall be upon my people [05971], it shall be upon all the princes [05387] of Israel [03478]: terrors [04048] by reason of [0413] the sword [02719] shall be upon my people [05971]: smite [05606] therefore upon thy thigh [03409].

¹⁶ I [1473] Jesus [2424] have sent [3992] mine [3450] angel [32] to testify [3140] unto you [5213] these things [5023] in [1909] the churches [1577]. I [1473] am [1510] the root [4491] and [2532] the offspring [1085] of David [1138], and the bright [2986] and [2532] morning [3720] star [792].

¹² How art thou fallen [05307] from heaven [08064], O Lucifer [01966], son [01121] of the morning [07837] [03213] ! how art thou cut down [01438] to the ground [0776], which didst weaken [02522] the nations [01471]!
¹³ For thou hast said [0559] in thine heart [03824], I will ascend [05927] into heaven [08064], I will exalt [07311] my throne [03678] above [04605] the stars [03556] of God [0410]: I will sit [03427] also upon the mount [02022] of the congregation [04150], in the sides [03411] of the north [06828]:
¹⁴ I will ascend [05927] above the heights [01116] of the clouds [05645]; I will be like [01819] the most High [05945].
¹⁵ Yet thou shalt be brought down [03381] to hell [07585], to the sides [03411] of the pit [0953].

¹⁶ And [2532] the city [4172] lieth [2749] foursquare [5068], and [2532] the length [3372] [846] is [2076] as large [5118] as [3745] [2532] the breadth [4114]: and [2532] he measured [3354] the city [4172] with the reed [2563] [1909], twelve [1427] thousand [5505] furlongs [4712]. The length [3372] and [2532] the breadth [4114] and [2532] the height [5311] of it [846] are [2076] equal [2470].

¹ The book [976] of the generation [1078] of Jesus [2424] Christ [5547], the son [5207] of David [1138], the son [5207] of Abraham [11].

²³ But [1161] he turned [4762], and said [2036] unto Peter [4074], Get thee [5217] behind [3694] me [3450], Satan [4567]: thou [1488] art [3754] an offence [4625] unto me [3450]: for thou savourest [5426] not [3756] the things [3588] that be of God [2316], but [235] those that be of men [444].

²² Then [2532] Peter [4074] took [4355] him [846], and began [756] to rebuke [2008] him [846], saying [3004], Be it far [2436] from thee [4671], Lord [2962]: this [5124] shall [2071] not [3364] be [2071] unto thee [4671].

¹⁵ And I will put [07896] enmity [0342] between thee and the woman [0802], and between thy seed [02233] and her seed [02233]; it shall bruise [07779] thy head [07218], and thou shalt bruise [07779] his heel [06119].

¹⁰ And [2532] the devil [1228] that deceived [4105] them [846] was cast [906] into [1519] the lake [3041] of fire [4442] and [2532] brimstone [2303], where [3699] the beast [2342] and [2532] the false prophet [5578] are, and [2532] shall be tormented [928] day [2250] and [2532] night [3571] for [1519] ever [165] and ever [165].

¹² Son [01121] of man [0120], take up [05375] a lamentation [07015] upon the king [04428] of Tyrus [06865], and say [0559] unto him, Thus saith [0559] the Lord [0136] GOD [03069]; Thou sealest up [02856] the sum [08508], full [04392] of wisdom [02451], and perfect [03632] in beauty [03308].
¹³ Thou hast been in Eden [05731] the garden [01588] of God [0430]; every precious [03368] stone [068] was thy covering [04540], the sardius [0124], topaz [06357], and the diamond [03095], the beryl [08658], the onyx [07718], and the jasper [03471], the sapphire [05601], the emerald [05306], and the carbuncle [01304], and gold [02091]: the workmanship [04399] of thy tabrets [08596] and of thy pipes [05345] was prepared [03559] in thee in the day [03117] that thou wast created [01254].
¹⁴ Thou art the anointed [04473] cherub [03742] that covereth [05526]; and I have set [05414] thee so: thou wast upon the holy [06944] mountain [02022] of God [0430]; thou hast walked up and down [01980] in the midst [08432] of the stones [068] of fire [0784].

⁸ And [2532] all [3956] that dwell [2730] upon [1909] the earth [1093] shall worship [4352] him [846], whose [3739] names [3686] are [1125] not [3756] written [1125] in [1722] the book [976] of life [2222] of the Lamb [721] slain [4969] from [575] the foundation [2602] of the world [2889].

⁷ The world [2889] cannot [3756] [1410] hate [3404] you [5209]; but [1161] me [1691] it hateth [3404], because [3754] I [1473] testify [3140] of [4012] it [846], that [3754] the works [2041] thereof [846] are [2076] evil [4190].

⁴ Who [3588] opposeth [480] and [2532] exalteth [5229] himself above [1909] all [3956] that is called [3004] God [2316], or [2228] that is worshipped [4574]; so [5620] that he [846] as [5613] God [2316] sitteth [2523] in [1519] the temple [3485] of God [2316], shewing [584] himself [1438] that [3754] he is [2076] God [2316].

³⁶ And the king [04428] shall do [06213] according to his will [07522]; and he shall exalt [07311] himself, and magnify [01431] himself above every god [0410], and shall speak [01696] marvellous things [06381] against the God [0410] of gods [0410], and shall prosper [06743] till the indignation [02195] be accomplished [03615]: for that that is determined [02782] shall be done [06213].

¹³ And Joshua [03091] discomfited [02522] Amalek [06002] and his people [05971] with the edge [06310] of the sword [02719].

⁸ And he shall not look [08159] to the altars [04196], the work [04639] of his hands [03027], neither shall respect [07200] that which his fingers [0676] have made [06213], either the groves [0842], or the images [02553].

¹¹³ SAMECH. I hate [08130] vain thoughts [05588]: but thy law [08451] do I love [0157].

¹⁰ This evil [07451] people [05971], which refuse [03987] to hear [08085] my words [01697], which walk [01980] in the imagination [08307] of their heart [03820], and walk [03212] after [0310] other [0312] gods [0430], to serve [05647] them, and to worship [07812] them, shall even be as this girdle [0232], which is good [06743] for nothing.

³² Canst thou bring forth [03318] Mazzaroth [04216] in his season [06256]? or canst thou guide [05148] Arcturus [05906] with his sons [01121]?

¹² While [3753] I was [2252] with [3326] them [846] in [1722] the world [2889], I [1473] kept [5083] them [846] in [1722] thy [4675] name [3686]: those that [3739] thou gavest [1325] me [3427] I have kept [5442], and [2532] none [3762] of [1537] them [846] is lost [622], but [1508] the son [5207] of perdition [684]; that [2443] the scripture [1124] might be fulfilled [4137].

¹⁰ Then said [0559] the LORD [03068], Thou hast had pity [02347] on the gourd [07021], for the which thou hast not laboured [05998], neither madest it grow [01431]; which came up in a night [01121] [03915], and perished [06] in a night [01121] [03915]: