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Strong Concordance Ezr 4:23 Now [0116] when [04481] [01768] the copy [06573] of king [04430] Artaxerxes [0783]' letter [05407] was read [07123] before [06925] Rehum [07348], and Shimshai [08124] the scribe [05613], and their companions [03675], they went up [0236] in haste [0924] to Jerusalem [03390] unto [05922] the Jews [03062], and made them [01994] to cease [0989] by force [0153] and power [02429].

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Word American Tract Society - Definition
ARTAXERXES Great king, the name or title of several kings of Persia.

1. It is given in Ezr 4:7-24, to Smerdis the Magian, who usurped the throne after the death of Cambyses, B. C. 522, pretending to be Smerdis, the son of Cyrus, whom Cambyses had put to death. His usurped power was used, at the rebuilding of the temple. He was murdered, after a reign of eight months, and was succeeded by Darius son of Hystaspes.

2. The king of this name mentioned in Ezr 7:1-28, is most probably Artaxerxes Longimanus, the son and successor of Xerxes, who ascended the throne B. C. 425, after a mild reign of thirty-nine years. In the seventh year of his reign, Ezra led a second company of the Jewish exiles back to Jerusalem. In the twentieth year of Artaxerxes Longimanus, Nehemiah was sent to Jerusalem as governor, Ne 2:1; 5:14.
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