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Selected Verse: Matthew 2:4 - Strong Concordance

Verse	Translation	Text
Mt 2:4	Strong Concordance	And [2532] when he had gathered [4863] all [3956] the chief priests [749] and [2532] scribes [1122] of the people [2992] together [4863], he demanded [4441] of [3844] them [846] where [4226] Christ [5547] should be born [1080].
	King James	And when he had gathered all the chief priests and scribes of the people together, he demanded of them where Christ should be born.

Summary Of Commentaries Associated With The Selected Verse

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A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]
And when he had gathered all the chief priests and scribes of the people together--The class of the "chief priests" included the high priest for the time being, together with all who had previously filled this office; for though the then head of the Aaronic family was the only rightful high priest, the Romans removed them at pleasure, to make way for creatures of their own. In this class probably were included also the heads of the four and twenty courses of the priests. The "scribes" were at first merely transcribers of the law and synagogue readers; afterwards interpreters of the law, both civil and religious, and so both lawyers and divines. The first of these classes, a proportion of the second, and "the elders"--that is, as LIGHTFOOT thinks, "those elders of the laity that were not of the Levitical tribe"--constituted the supreme council of the nation, called the Sanhedrim, the members of which, at their full complement, numbered seventy-two. That this was the council which Herod now convened is most probable, from the solemnity of the occasion; for though the elders are not mentioned, we find a similar omission where all three were certainly meant (compare Mat 26:59; Mat 27:1). As MEYER says, it was all the theologians of the nation whom Herod convened, because it was a theological response that he wanted. he demanded of them--as the authorized interpreters of Scripture. where Christ--the Messiah. should be born--according to prophecy.

A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]

And when he had gathered all the chief priests and scribes of the people together--The class of the "chief priests" included the high priest for the time being, together with all who had previously filled this office; for though the then head of the Aaronic family was the only rightful high priest, the Romans removed them at pleasure, to make way for creatures of their own. In this class probably were included also the heads of the four and twenty courses of the priests. The "scribes" were at first merely transcribers of the law and synagogue readers; afterwards interpreters of the law, both civil and religious, and so both lawyers and divines. The first of these classes, a proportion of the second, and "the elders"--that is, as LIGHTFOOT thinks, "those elders of the laity that were not of the Levitical tribe"--constituted the supreme council of the nation, called the Sanhedrim, the members of which, at their full complement, numbered seventy-two. That this was the council which Herod now convened is most probable, from the solemnity of the occasion; for though the elders are not mentioned, we find a similar omission where all three were certainly meant (compare Mat 26:59; Mat 27:1). As MEYER says, it was all the theologians of the nation whom Herod convened, because it was a theological response that he wanted.

he demanded of them--as the authorized interpreters of Scripture.

where Christ--the Messiah.

should be born--according to prophecy.

Notes on the Bible, by Albert Barnes, [1834]
The chief priests - By the chief priests here are meant not only the high priest and his deputy, but. also the heads or chiefs of the 24 classes into which David had divided the sacerdotal families, Ch1 23:6; 24; Ch2 8:14; Ezr 8:24. Scribes - By the scribes, in the New Testament, are meant learned men; men skilled in the law, or the lawyers of the nation. They kept the records of the Courts of justice, the registers of the synagogues, wrote articles of contract and sale, bills of divorce, etc. They were also called lawyers, Mat 22:35, and doctor's of the law, Luk 5:17. They were called scribes. from the fact of their writing the public records. They were not, however, a religious sect, but might be either Pharisees or Sadducees. By the chief priests and scribes here mentioned is denoted the Sanhedrin or great council of the nation. This was composed of 72 men, who had the charge of the civil and religious affairs of the Jews. On this occasion Herod, in alarm, called them together, professedly to make inquiry respecting the birth of the Messiah. Demanded of them - Inquired, or asked of them. As they were the learned men of the nation, and as it was their business to study and explain the Old Testament, they were presumed to know what the prophecies had declared on that point. His object was to ascertain from prophecy where he was born, that he might put him to death, and thus calm the anxieties of his own mind. He seems not to have had any doubt about the time when he would be born. He was satisfied that the time had come.

The Scofield Bible Commentary, by Cyrus Ingerson Scofield, [1917]
Scribes (Greek, "grammateis", means "writer"). Hebrew, "spherim", means "to write," "set in order," "count." The scribes were so called because it was their office to make copies of the Scriptures; to classify and teach the precepts of oral law (See Scofield) - (Mat 3:7) and to keep careful count of every letter in the Old Testament writings. Such an office was necessary in a religion of law and precept, and was an Old Testament function (Sa2 8:17); (Sa2 20:25); (Kg1 4:3); (Jer 8:8); (Jer 36:10); (Jer 36:12); (Jer 36:26). To this legitimate work the scribes added a record of rabbinical decisions on questions of ritual (Halachoth); the new code resulting from those decisions (Mishna); the Hebrew sacred legends (Gemara, forming with the Mishna the Talmud); commentaries on the Old Testament (Midrashim); reasonings upon these (Hagada); and finally, mystical interpretations which found in Scripture meanings other than the grammatical, lexical, and obvious ones (the Kabbala); not unlike the allegorical method of Origen, or the modern Protestant "spiritualizing" interpretation. In our Lord's time, to receive this mass of writing superposed upon the Scriptures was to be orthodox; to return to the Scriptures themselves was heterodoxy -- our Lord's most serious offence.

Vincent's Word Studies, by Marvin R. Vincent [1886]
All the chief priests We should expect only one chief priest to be mentioned; but the office had become a lucrative one, and frequently changed hands. A rabbi is quoted as saying that the first temple, which stood about four hundred and ten years, had only eighteen high-priests from first to last; while the second temple, which stood four hundred and twenty years, had more than three hundred high-priests. The reference here is not to a meeting of the Sanhedrin, since the elders, who are not mentioned, belonged to this; but to an extraordinary convocation of all the high-priests and learned men. Besides the high-priest in actual office, there might be others who had been his predecessors, and who continued to bear the name, and in part the dignity. It may possibly have included the heads of the twenty-four courses of priests.

Explanatory Notes on the Whole Bible, by John Wesley [1754-65]
The chief priests - That is, not only the high priest and his deputy, with those who formerly had borne that office: but also the chief man in each of those twenty - four courses, into which the body of priests were divided, Ch1 24:6-19. The scribes were those whose peculiar business it was to explain the Scriptures to the people. They were the public preachers, or expounders of the law of Moses. Whence the chief of them were called doctors of the law.

Adam Clarke Commentary on the Whole Bible - Published 1810-1826
The chief priests - Not only the high priest for the time being, called כהן הראש cohen ha-rosh, Kg2 25:18, and his deputy, called כהן משנה cohen mishneh, with those who had formerly borne the high priest's office; but also, the chiefs or heads of the twenty four sacerdotal families, which David distributed into so many courses, 1 Chronicles 24. These latter are styled סרי הכהנים sarey ha-cohanim, chief of the priests, Ch2 36:14; Ezr 8:24; and ראשי הכהנים roshey ha-cohanim, heads of the priests, Neh 12:7. Josephus calls them by the same name as the writers of the New Testament. In his Life, sect. 8, he mentions πολλους - των Αρχιερεων, Many of the chief priests. The word is used in the singular in this last sense, for a chief of the priests, Act 19:14. Scribes - The word Γραμματευς, in the Septuagint, is used for a political officer, whose business it was to assist kings and civil magistrates, and to keep an account in writing of public acts and occurrences. Such an officer is called in Hebrew ספר המלך seper hamelech, ὁ γραμματευς του βασιλεως, the king's scribe, or secretary. See Lxx. Kg2 12:10. The word is often used by the Lxx. for a man of learning, especially for one skilled in the Mosaic law: and, in the same sense, it is used by the New Testament writers. Γραμματευς is therefore to be understood as always implying a man of letters, or learning, capable of instructing the people. The derivation of the names proves this to be the genuine meaning of the word γραμμα: a letter, or character, in writing: or γραμματα, letters, learning, erudition, and especially that gained from books. The Hebrew ספר or סופר sopher, from saphar, to tell, count, cypher, signifies both a book, volume, roll, etc., and a notary, recorder, or historian; and always signifies a man of learning. We often term such a person a man of letters. The word is used Act 19:35, for a civil magistrate at Ephesus, probably such a one as we would term recorder. It appears that Herod at this time gathered the whole Sanhedrin, in order to get the fullest information on a subject by which all his jealous fears had been alarmed.

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¹ When [1161] the morning [4405] was come [1096], all [3956] the chief priests [749] and [2532] elders [4245] of the people [2992] took [2983] counsel [4824] against [2596] Jesus [2424] to [5620] put [2289] him [846] to death [2289]:

⁵⁹ Now [1161] the chief priests [749], and [2532] elders [4245], and [2532] all [3650] the council [4892], sought [2212] false witness [5577] against [2596] Jesus [2424], to [3704] put [2289] him [846] to death [2289];

¹⁷ And [2532] it came to pass [1096] on [1722] a certain [3391] day [2250], as [2532] he [846] was [2258] teaching [1321], that [2532] there were [2258] Pharisees [5330] and [2532] doctors of the law [3547] sitting by [2521], which [3739] were [2258] come [2064] out of [1537] every [3956] town [2968] of Galilee [1056], and [2532] Judaea [2449], and [2532] Jerusalem [2419]: and [2532] the power [1411] of the Lord [2962] was [2258] present to [1519] heal [2390] them [846].

³⁵ Then [2532] one [1520] of [1537] them [846], which was a lawyer [3544], asked [1905] him a question, tempting [3985] him [846], and [2532] saying [3004],

²⁴ Then I separated [0914] twelve [08147] [06240] of the chief [08269] of the priests [03548], Sherebiah [08274], Hashabiah [02811], and ten [06235] of their brethren [0251] with them,

¹⁴ And he appointed [05975], according to the order [04941] of David [01732] his father [01], the courses [04256] of the priests [03548] to their service [05656], and the Levites [03881] to their charges [04931], to praise [01984] and minister [08334] before the priests [03548], as the duty [01697] of every day [03117] required [03117]: the porters [07778] also by their courses [04256] at every gate [08179]: for so had David [01732] the man [0376] of God [0430] commanded [04687].

⁶ And David [01732] divided [02505] them into courses [04256] among the sons [01121] of Levi [03878], namely, Gershon [01648], Kohath [06955], and Merari [04847].

²⁶ But the king [04428] commanded [06680] Jerahmeel [03396] the son [01121] of Hammelech [04429], and Seraiah [08304] the son [01121] of Azriel [05837], and Shelemiah [08018] the son [01121] of Abdeel [05655], to take [03947] Baruch [01263] the scribe [05608] and Jeremiah [03414] the prophet [05030]: but the LORD [03068] hid [05641] them.

¹² Then he went down [03381] into the king's [04428] house [01004], into the scribe's [05608] chamber [03957]: and, lo, all the princes [08269] sat [03427] there, even Elishama [0476] the scribe [05608], and Delaiah [01806] the son [01121] of Shemaiah [08098], and Elnathan [0494] the son [01121] of Achbor [05907], and Gemariah [01587] the son [01121] of Shaphan [08227], and Zedekiah [06667] the son [01121] of Hananiah [02608], and all the princes [08269].

¹⁰ Then read [07121] Baruch [01263] in the book [05612] the words [01697] of Jeremiah [03414] in the house [01004] of the LORD [03068], in the chamber [03957] of Gemariah [01587] the son [01121] of Shaphan [08227] the scribe [05608], in the higher [05945] court [02691], at the entry [06607] of the new [02319] gate [08179] of the LORD'S [03068] house [01004], in the ears [0241] of all the people [05971].

⁸ How do ye say [0559], We are wise [02450], and the law [08451] of the LORD [03068] is with us? Lo, certainly [0403] in vain [08267] made [06213] he it; the pen [05842] of the scribes [05608] is in vain [08267].

³ Elihoreph [0456] and Ahiah [0281], the sons [01121] of Shisha [07894], scribes [05608]; Jehoshaphat [03092] the son [01121] of Ahilud [0286], the recorder [02142].

²⁵ And Sheva [07864] [07724] was scribe [05608]: and Zadok [06659] and Abiathar [054] were the priests [03548]:

¹⁷ And Zadok [06659] the son [01121] of Ahitub [0285], and Ahimelech [0288] the son [01121] of Abiathar [054], were the priests [03548]; and Seraiah [08304] was the scribe [05608];

⁷ But [1161] when he saw [1492] many [4183] of the Pharisees [5330] and [2532] Sadducees [4523] come [2064] to [1909] his [846] baptism [908], he said [2036] unto them [846], O generation [1081] of vipers [2191], who [5101] hath warned [5263] you [5213] to flee [5343] from [575] the wrath [3709] to come [3195]?

⁶ And Shemaiah [08098] the son [01121] of Nethaneel [05417] the scribe [05608], one of the Levites [03881], wrote [03789] them before [06440] the king [04428], and the princes [08269], and Zadok [06659] the priest [03548], and Ahimelech [0288] the son [01121] of Abiathar [054], and before the chief [07218] of the fathers [01] of the priests [03548] and Levites [03881]: one [0259] principal [01] household [01004] being taken [0270] for Eleazar [0499], and one taken [0270] for Ithamar [0385].
⁷ Now the first [07223] lot [01486] came forth [03318] to Jehoiarib [03080], the second [08145] to Jedaiah [03048],
⁸ The third [07992] to Harim [02766], the fourth [07243] to Seorim [08188],
⁹ The fifth [02549] to Malchijah [04441], the sixth [08345] to Mijamin [04326],
¹⁰ The seventh [07637] to Hakkoz [06976], the eighth [08066] to Abijah [029],
¹¹ The ninth [08671] to Jeshua [03442], the tenth [06224] to Shecaniah [07935],
¹² The eleventh [06249] [06240] to Eliashib [0475], the twelfth [08147] [06240] to Jakim [03356],
¹³ The thirteenth [07969] [06240] to Huppah [02647], the fourteenth [0702] [06240] to Jeshebeab [03428],
¹⁴ The fifteenth [02568] [06240] to Bilgah [01083], the sixteenth [08337] [06240] to Immer [0564],
¹⁵ The seventeenth [07651] [06240] to Hezir [02387], the eighteenth [08083] [06240] to Aphses [06483],
¹⁶ The nineteenth [08672] [06240] to Pethahiah [06611], the twentieth [06242] to Jehezekel [03168],
¹⁷ The one [0259] and twentieth [06242] to Jachin [03199], the two [08147] and twentieth [06242] to Gamul [01577],
¹⁸ The three [07969] and twentieth [06242] to Delaiah [01806], the four [0702] and twentieth [06242] to Maaziah [04590].
¹⁹ These were the orderings [06486] of them in their service [05656] to come [0935] into the house [01004] of the LORD [03068], according to their manner [04941], under [03027] Aaron [0175] their father [01], as the LORD [03068] God [0430] of Israel [03478] had commanded [06680] him.

³⁵ And [1161] when the townclerk [1122] had appeased [2687] the people [3793], he said [5346], Ye men [435] of Ephesus [2180], what [5101] [1063] man [444] is there [2076] that [3739] knoweth [1097] not [3756] how that the city [4172] of the Ephesians [2180] is [5607] a worshipper [3511] of the great [3173] goddess [2299] Diana [735], and [2532] of the image which fell down from Jupiter [1356]?

¹⁰ And it was so, when they saw [07200] that there was much [07227] money [03701] in the chest [0727], that the king's [04428] scribe [05608] and the high [01419] priest [03548] came up [05927], and they put up in bags [06696], and told [04487] the money [03701] that was found [04672] in the house [01004] of the LORD [03068].

¹⁴ And [1161] there were [2258] seven [2033] sons [5207] of one Sceva [4630] [5100], a Jew [2453], and chief of the priests [749], which did [4160] so [5124].

⁷ Sallu [05543], Amok [05987], Hilkiah [02518], Jedaiah [03048]. These were the chief [07218] of the priests [03548] and of their brethren [0251] in the days [03117] of Jeshua [03442].

²⁴ Then I separated [0914] twelve [08147] [06240] of the chief [08269] of the priests [03548], Sherebiah [08274], Hashabiah [02811], and ten [06235] of their brethren [0251] with them,

¹⁴ Moreover all the chief [08269] of the priests [03548], and the people [05971], transgressed [04603] very [04604] much [07235] after all the abominations [08441] of the heathen [01471]; and polluted [02930] the house [01004] of the LORD [03068] which he had hallowed [06942] in Jerusalem [03389].

¹⁸ And the captain [07227] of the guard [02876] took [03947] Seraiah [08304] the chief [07218] priest [03548], and Zephaniah [06846] the second [04932] priest [03548], and the three [07969] keepers [08104] of the door [05592]: