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Selected Verse: Job 42:11 - Strong Concordance
Verse |
Translation |
Text |
Job 42:11 |
Strong Concordance |
Then came [0935] there unto him all his brethren [0251], and all his sisters [0269], and all they that had been of his acquaintance [03045] before [06440], and did eat [0398] bread [03899] with him in his house [01004]: and they bemoaned [05110] him, and comforted [05162] him over all the evil [07451] that the LORD [03068] had brought [0935] upon him: every man [0376] also gave [05414] him a [0259] piece of money [07192], and every one [0376] an earring [05141] of gold [02091]. |
|
King James |
Then came there unto him all his brethren, and all his sisters, and all they that had been of his acquaintance before, and did eat bread with him in his house: and they bemoaned him, and comforted him over all the evil that the LORD had brought upon him: every man also gave him a piece of money, and every one an earring of gold. |
Summary Of Commentaries Associated With The Selected Verse
A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882] |
It was Job's complaint in his misery that his "brethren," were "estranged" from him (Job 19:13); these now return with the return of his prosperity (Pro 14:20; Pro 19:6-7); the true friend loveth at all times (Pro 17:17; Pro 18:24). "Swallow friends leave in the winter and return with the spring" [HENRY].
eat bread--in token of friendship (Psa 41:9).
piece of money--Presents are usual in visiting a man of rank in the East, especially after a calamity (Ch2 32:23). Hebrew, kesita. MAGEE translates "a lamb" (the medium of exchange then before money was used), as it is in Margin of Gen 33:19; Jos 24:32. But it is from the Arabic kasat, "weighed out" [UMBREIT], not coined; so Gen 42:35; Gen 33:19; compare with Gen 23:15, makes it likely it was equal to four shekels; Hebrew kashat, "pure," namely, metal. The term, instead of the usual "shekel," &c., is a mark of antiquity.
earring--whether for the nose or ear (Gen 35:4; Isa 3:21). Much of the gold in the East, in the absence of banks, is in the shape of ornaments. |
Notes on the Bible, by Albert Barnes, [1834] |
Then came there unto him all his brethren ... - It seems remarkable that none of these friends came near to him during his afflictions, and especially that his "sisters" should not have been with him to sympathize with him. But it was one of the bitter sources of his affliction, and one of the grounds of his complaint, that in his trials his kindred stood aloof from him; so in Job 19:13-14, he says, "He hath put my brethren far from me, and mine acquaintance are verily estranged from me. My kinsfolk have failed, and my familiar friends have forgotten me." It is not easy to account for this. It may have been, however, that a part were kept from showing any sympathy, in accordance with the general fact that there are always professed friends, and sometimes kindred, who forsake a man in affliction; and that a part regarded him as abandoned by God, and forsook him on that account - from a mistaken view of what they regarded as duty, that they ought to forsake one whom God had forsaken. When his calamities had passed by, however, and he again enjoyed the tokens of the divine favor, all returned to him full of condolence and kindness; part, probably, because friends always cluster around one who comes out of calamity and rises again to honor, and the other portion because they supposed that as "God" regarded him now with approbation, it was proper for "them" to do it also. A man who has been unfortunate, and who is visited with returning prosperity, never lacks friends. The rising sun reveals many friends that darkness had driven away, or brings to light many - real or professed - who were concealed at midnight.
And did eat bread with him in his house - An ancient token of friendship and affection; compare Psa 41:9; Pro 9:5; Pro 23:6; Jer 41:1.
And every man also gave him a piece of money - This is probably one of the earliest instances in which money is mentioned in history. It is, of course, impossible now to determine the form or value of the "piece of money" here referred to. The Hebrew word (קשׂיטה qeśı̂yṭâh), occurs only in this place and in Gen 33:19, where it is rendered "pieces of money," and in Jos 24:32, where it is rendered "pieces of silver." It is evident, therefore, that it was one of the earliest names given to coin, and its use here is an argument that the book of Job is of very early origin. Had it been composed at a later age, the word "shekel," or some word in common use to denote money, would have been used. The Vulgate here renders the word "ovem," a sheep; the Septuagint in like manner, ἀμνάδα amnada, "a lamb;" and so also the Chaldee. In the margin, in both the other places where the word occurs Gen 33:19; Jos 24:32, it is also rendered "lambs."
The reason why it is so rendered is unknown. it may have been supposed that in early times a sheep or lamb having something like a fixed value, might have been the standard by which to estimate the value of other things; but there is nothing in the etymology of the word to support this interpretation. The word in Arabic (kasat) means to divide out equally, to measure; and the Hebrew word probably had some such signification, denoting that which was measured or weighed out, and hence became the name of a certain "weight" or "amount" of money. It is altogether probable that the first money consisted of a certain amount of the precious metals "weighed out," without being "coined" in any way. It is not an improbable supposition, however, that the figure of a sheep or lamb was the first figure stamped on coins, and this may be the reason why the word used here was rendered in this manner in the ancient versions. On the meaning of the word, Bochart may be consulted, "Hieroz." P. i. Lib. c. xliii. pp. 433-437; Rosenmuller on Gen 33:19; Schultens "in loc;" and the following work in Ugolin's "Thes. Antiq. Sacr." Tom. xxviii., "Otthonis Sperlingii Diss. de nummis non cusis," pp. 251-253, 298-306. The arguments of Bochart to prove that this word denotes a piece of money, and not a lamb, as it is rendered by the Vulgate, the Septuagint, the Syriac, the Arabic, and by Onkelos, are briefly:
(1) That in more than an hundred places where reference is made in the Scriptures to a lamb or a sheep, this word is not used. Other words are constantly employed.
(2) The testimony of the rabbis is uniform that it denotes a piece of money. Akiba says that when he traveled into Africa he found there a coin which they called kesita. So Rabbi Solomon, and Levi Ben Gerson, in their commentaries, and Kimchi, Pomarius, and Aquinas, in their Lexicons.
(3) The authority of the Masoretes in relation to the Hebrew word is the same. According to Bochart, the word is the same as קשׁט qāshaṭ or קשׁט qosheṭ, changing the Hebrew letter שׁ for the Hebrew letter שׂ. The word means true, sincere, Psa 60:6; Pro 22:21. According to this, the name was given to the coin because it was made of pure metal - unadulterated silver or gold. See this argument at length in Bochart.
(4) The feminine form of the noun used here shows that it does not mean a lamb - it being wholly improbable that the friends of Job would send him ewe lambs only.
(5) In the early times of the patriarchs - as early as the time of Jacob - money was in common use, and the affairs of merchandise were conducted by that as a medium; Gen 17:12-13; Gen 47:16.
(6) The statement in Act 7:16, leads to the supposition that "money" is referred to by the word as used in Gen 33:19. If, as is there supposed, the purchase of the same field is referred to in Gen 23:16; Gen 23:19, then it is clear that money is referred to by the word. In Gen 23:16 it is said that Abraham paid for the field of Ephron iu Macpelah "four hundred shekels of silver, current money with the merchant." And if the same purchase is referred to in both these places, then by a comparison of the two, it appears that the kesita was heavier than the shekel, and contained about four shekels. It is not easy, however, to determine its value.
And every one an earring of gold - The word rendered "earring" (נזם nezem) may mean a ring for the nose Gen 24:47; Isa 3:21; Pro 11:22; Hos 2:13, as well as for the ear, Gen 35:4. The word "ring" would better express the sense here without specifying its particular use; compare Jdg 8:24-25; Pro 25:12. Ornaments of this kind were much worn by the ancients (compare Isa. 3; Gen 24:22), and a contribution of these from each one of the friends of Job would constitute a valuable property; compare Exo 32:2-3. It was not uncommon for friends thus to bring presents to one who was restored from great calamity. See the case of Hezekiah, Ch2 32:23. |
Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78] |
11 Then came to him all his brothers, and all his sisters, and all his former acquaintances, and ate bread with him in his house, and expressed sympathy with him, and comforted him concerning all the evil which Jehovah had brought upon him; and each one gave him a Kesit, and each a golden ring.
Prosperity now brought those together again whom calamity had frightened away; for the love of men is scarcely anything but a number of coarse or delicate shades of selfishness. Now they all come and rejoice at Job's prosperity, viz., in order to bask therein. He, however, does not thrust them back; for the judge concerning the final motives of human love is God, and love which is shown to us is certainly more worthy of thanks than hatred. They are his guests again, and he leaves them to their own shame. And now their tongues, that were halting thus far, are all at once become eloquent: they mingle congratulations and comfort with their expressions of sorrow at his past misfortune. It is now an easy matter, that no longer demands their faith. They even bring him each one a present. In everything it is manifest that Jehovah has restored His servant to honour. Everything is now subordinated to him, who was accounted as one forsaken of God. קשׂיטה is a piece of metal weighed out, of greater value than the shekel, moreover indefinite, since it is nowhere placed in the order of the Old Testament system of weights and measures, adapted to the patriarchal age, Gen 33:19, in which Job's history falls.
(Note: According to b. Rosch ha-Schana, 26a, R. Akiba found the word קשׂיטה in Africa in the signification מעה (coin), as a Targ. (vid., Aruch, s.v. קשׂיטה) also translates; the Arab. קשׂת at least signifies balances and weight.)
נזמים are rings for the nose and ear; according to Exo 32:3, an ornament of the women and men. |
Explanatory Notes on the Whole Bible, by John Wesley [1754-65] |
Then - When Job had humbled himself, and God was reconciled to him. Sisters - His kindred. Eat - Feasted with him, to congratulate with him God's great and glorious favour. Bemoaned - They declared the sense which they had of his calamities while they were upon him, although they had hitherto wanted opportunity to express it. |
Adam Clarke Commentary on the Whole Bible - Published 1810-1826 |
Then came there unto him all his brethren - "Job being restored to his former health and fortunes, the author," says Mr. Heath, "presents us with a striking view of human friendship. His brethren, who, in the time of his affliction, kept at a distance from him; his kinsfolk, who ceased to know him; his familiar friends, who had forgotten him; and his acquaintance, who had made themselves perfect strangers to him; those to whom he had showed kindness, and who yet had ungratefully neglected him, on the return of his prosperity now come and condole with him, desirous of renewing former familiarity; and, according to the custom of the Eastern countries, where there is no approaching a great man without a present, each brings him a kesitah, each a jewel of gold." See Job 42:12.
A piece of money - קשיטה kesitah signifies a lamb; and it is supposed that this piece of money had a lamb stamped on it, as that quantity of gold was generally the current value for a lamb. See my note on Gen 33:19 (note), where the subject is largely considered. The Vulgate, Chaldee, Septuagint, Arabic, and Syriac, have one lamb or sheep; so it appears that they did not understand the kesitah as implying a piece of money of any kind, but a sheep or a lamb.
Earring of gold - Literally, a nose-jewel. The Septuagint translate, τετραδραχμον χρυσου, a tetra-drachm of gold, or golden daric; but by adding και ασημου, unstamped, they intimate that it was four drachms of uncoined gold. |
21 The rings [02885], and nose [0639] jewels [05141],
4 And they gave [05414] unto Jacob [03290] all the strange [05236] gods [0430] which were in their hand [03027], and all their earrings [05141] which were in their ears [0241]; and Jacob [03290] hid [02934] them under the oak [0424] which was by Shechem [07927].
15 My lord [0113], hearken [08085] unto me: the land [0776] is worth four [0702] hundred [03967] shekels [08255] of silver [03701]; what is that betwixt [0996] me and thee? bury [06912] therefore thy dead [04191].
19 And he bought [07069] a parcel [02513] of a field [07704], where he had spread [05186] his tent [0168], at the hand [03027] of the children [01121] of Hamor [02544], Shechem's [07927] father [01], for an hundred [03967] pieces of money [07192].
35 And it came to pass as they emptied [07324] their sacks [08242], that, behold, every man's [0376] bundle [06872] of money [03701] was in his sack [08242]: and when both they and their father [01] saw [07200] the bundles [06872] of money [03701], they were afraid [03372].
32 And the bones [06106] of Joseph [03130], which the children [01121] of Israel [03478] brought up [05927] out of Egypt [04714], buried [06912] they in Shechem [07927], in a parcel [02513] of ground [07704] which Jacob [03290] bought [07069] of the sons [01121] of Hamor [02544] the father [01] of Shechem [07927] for an hundred [03967] pieces of silver [07192]: and it became the inheritance [05159] of the children [01121] of Joseph [03130].
19 And he bought [07069] a parcel [02513] of a field [07704], where he had spread [05186] his tent [0168], at the hand [03027] of the children [01121] of Hamor [02544], Shechem's [07927] father [01], for an hundred [03967] pieces of money [07192].
23 And many [07227] brought [0935] gifts [04503] unto the LORD [03068] to Jerusalem [03389], and presents [04030] to Hezekiah [03169] king [04428] of Judah [03063]: so that he was magnified [05375] in the sight [05869] of all nations [01471] from thenceforth [0310].
9 Yea, mine own familiar [07965] friend [0376], in whom I trusted [0982], which did eat [0398] of my bread [03899], hath lifted up [01431] his heel [06119] against me.
24 A man [0376] that hath friends [07453] must shew himself friendly [07489]: and there is [03426] a friend [0157] that sticketh closer [01695] than a brother [0251].
17 A friend [07453] loveth [0157] at all times [06256], and a brother [0251] is born [03205] for adversity [06869].
6 Many [07227] will intreat [02470] the favour [06440] of the prince [05081]: and every man is a friend [07453] to him [0376] that giveth gifts [04976].
7 All the brethren [0251] of the poor [07326] do hate [08130] him: how much more do his friends [04828] go far [07368] from him? he pursueth [07291] them with words [0561], yet they are wanting to him.
20 The poor [07326] is hated [08130] even of his own neighbour [07453]: but the rich [06223] hath many [07227] friends [0157].
13 He hath put [07368] my brethren [0251] far [07368] from me, and mine acquaintance [03045] are verily estranged [02114] from me.
23 And many [07227] brought [0935] gifts [04503] unto the LORD [03068] to Jerusalem [03389], and presents [04030] to Hezekiah [03169] king [04428] of Judah [03063]: so that he was magnified [05375] in the sight [05869] of all nations [01471] from thenceforth [0310].
2 And Aaron [0175] said [0559] unto them, Break off [06561] the golden [02091] earrings [05141], which are in the ears [0241] of your wives [0802], of your sons [01121], and of your daughters [01323], and bring [0935] them unto me.
3 And all the people [05971] brake off [06561] the golden [02091] earrings [05141] which were in their ears [0241], and brought [0935] them unto Aaron [0175].
22 And it came to pass, as the camels [01581] had done [03615] drinking [08354], that the man [0376] took [03947] a golden [02091] earring [05141] of half a shekel [01235] weight [04948], and two [08147] bracelets [06781] for her hands [03027] of ten [06235] shekels weight [04948] of gold [02091];
12 As an earring [05141] of gold [02091], and an ornament [02481] of fine gold [03800], so is a wise [02450] reprover [03198] upon an obedient [08085] ear [0241].
24 And Gideon [01439] said [0559] unto them, I would desire [07592] a request [07596] of you, that ye would give [05414] me every man [0376] the earrings [05141] of his prey [07998]. (For they had golden [02091] earrings [05141], because they were Ishmaelites [03459].)
25 And they answered [0559], We will willingly [05414] give [05414] them. And they spread [06566] a garment [08071], and did cast [07993] therein every man [0376] the earrings [05141] of his prey [07998].
4 And they gave [05414] unto Jacob [03290] all the strange [05236] gods [0430] which were in their hand [03027], and all their earrings [05141] which were in their ears [0241]; and Jacob [03290] hid [02934] them under the oak [0424] which was by Shechem [07927].
13 And I will visit [06485] upon her the days [03117] of Baalim [01168], wherein she burned incense [06999] to them, and she decked [05710] herself with her earrings [05141] and her jewels [02484], and she went [03212] after [0310] her lovers [0157], and forgat [07911] me, saith [05002] the LORD [03068].
22 As a jewel [05141] of gold [02091] in a swine's [02386] snout [0639], so is a fair [03303] woman [0802] which is without [05493] discretion [02940].
21 The rings [02885], and nose [0639] jewels [05141],
47 And I asked [07592] her, and said [0559], Whose daughter [01323] art thou? And she said [0559], The daughter [01323] of Bethuel [01328], Nahor's [05152] son [01121], whom Milcah [04435] bare [03205] unto him: and I put [07760] the earring [05141] upon her face [0639], and the bracelets [06781] upon her hands [03027].
16 And Abraham [085] hearkened [08085] unto Ephron [06085]; and Abraham [085] weighed [08254] to Ephron [06085] the silver [03701], which he had named [01696] in the audience [0241] of the sons [01121] of Heth [02845], four [0702] hundred [03967] shekels [08255] of silver [03701], current [05674] money with the merchant [05503].
19 And after [0310] this [03651], Abraham [085] buried [06912] Sarah [08283] his wife [0802] in the cave [04631] of the field [07704] of Machpelah [04375] before [06440] Mamre [04471]: the same is Hebron [02275] in the land [0776] of Canaan [03667].
16 And Abraham [085] hearkened [08085] unto Ephron [06085]; and Abraham [085] weighed [08254] to Ephron [06085] the silver [03701], which he had named [01696] in the audience [0241] of the sons [01121] of Heth [02845], four [0702] hundred [03967] shekels [08255] of silver [03701], current [05674] money with the merchant [05503].
19 And he bought [07069] a parcel [02513] of a field [07704], where he had spread [05186] his tent [0168], at the hand [03027] of the children [01121] of Hamor [02544], Shechem's [07927] father [01], for an hundred [03967] pieces of money [07192].
16 And [2532] were carried over [3346] into [1519] Sychem [4966], and [2532] laid [5087] in [1722] the sepulchre [3418] that [3739] Abraham [11] bought [5608] for a sum [5092] of money [694] of [3844] the sons [5207] of Emmor [1697] the father [3588] of Sychem [4966].
16 And Joseph [03130] said [0559], Give [03051] your cattle [04735]; and I will give [05414] you for your cattle [04735], if money [03701] fail [0656].
12 And he that is eight [08083] days [03117] old [01121] shall be circumcised [04135] among you, every man child [02145] in your generations [01755], he that is born [03211] in the house [01004], or bought [04736] with money [03701] of any stranger [01121] [05236], which is not of thy seed [02233].
13 He that is born [03211] in thy house [01004], and he that is bought [04736] with thy money [03701], must needs [04135] be circumcised [04135]: and my covenant [01285] shall be in your flesh [01320] for an everlasting [05769] covenant [01285].
21 That I might make thee know [03045] the certainty [07189] of the words [0561] of truth [0571]; that thou mightest answer [07725] the words [0561] of truth [0571] to them that send [07971] unto thee?
6 God [0430] hath spoken [01696] in his holiness [06944]; I will rejoice [05937], I will divide [02505] Shechem [07927], and mete out [04058] the valley [06010] of Succoth [05523].
19 And he bought [07069] a parcel [02513] of a field [07704], where he had spread [05186] his tent [0168], at the hand [03027] of the children [01121] of Hamor [02544], Shechem's [07927] father [01], for an hundred [03967] pieces of money [07192].
32 And the bones [06106] of Joseph [03130], which the children [01121] of Israel [03478] brought up [05927] out of Egypt [04714], buried [06912] they in Shechem [07927], in a parcel [02513] of ground [07704] which Jacob [03290] bought [07069] of the sons [01121] of Hamor [02544] the father [01] of Shechem [07927] for an hundred [03967] pieces of silver [07192]: and it became the inheritance [05159] of the children [01121] of Joseph [03130].
19 And he bought [07069] a parcel [02513] of a field [07704], where he had spread [05186] his tent [0168], at the hand [03027] of the children [01121] of Hamor [02544], Shechem's [07927] father [01], for an hundred [03967] pieces of money [07192].
32 And the bones [06106] of Joseph [03130], which the children [01121] of Israel [03478] brought up [05927] out of Egypt [04714], buried [06912] they in Shechem [07927], in a parcel [02513] of ground [07704] which Jacob [03290] bought [07069] of the sons [01121] of Hamor [02544] the father [01] of Shechem [07927] for an hundred [03967] pieces of silver [07192]: and it became the inheritance [05159] of the children [01121] of Joseph [03130].
19 And he bought [07069] a parcel [02513] of a field [07704], where he had spread [05186] his tent [0168], at the hand [03027] of the children [01121] of Hamor [02544], Shechem's [07927] father [01], for an hundred [03967] pieces of money [07192].
1 Now it came to pass in the seventh [07637] month [02320], that Ishmael [03458] the son [01121] of Nethaniah [05418] the son [01121] of Elishama [0476], of the seed [02233] royal [04410], and the princes [07227] of the king [04428], even ten [06235] men [0582] with him, came [0935] unto Gedaliah [01436] the son [01121] of Ahikam [0296] to Mizpah [04709]; and there they did eat [0398] bread [03899] together [03162] in Mizpah [04708].
6 Eat [03898] thou not the bread [03899] of him that hath an evil [07451] eye [05869], neither desire [0183] thou his dainty meats [04303]:
5 Come [03212], eat [03898] of my bread [03899], and drink [08354] of the wine [03196] which I have mingled [04537].
9 Yea, mine own familiar [07965] friend [0376], in whom I trusted [0982], which did eat [0398] of my bread [03899], hath lifted up [01431] his heel [06119] against me.
13 He hath put [07368] my brethren [0251] far [07368] from me, and mine acquaintance [03045] are verily estranged [02114] from me.
14 My kinsfolk [07138] have failed [02308], and my familiar friends [03045] have forgotten [07911] me.
3 And all the people [05971] brake off [06561] the golden [02091] earrings [05141] which were in their ears [0241], and brought [0935] them unto Aaron [0175].
19 And he bought [07069] a parcel [02513] of a field [07704], where he had spread [05186] his tent [0168], at the hand [03027] of the children [01121] of Hamor [02544], Shechem's [07927] father [01], for an hundred [03967] pieces of money [07192].
19 And he bought [07069] a parcel [02513] of a field [07704], where he had spread [05186] his tent [0168], at the hand [03027] of the children [01121] of Hamor [02544], Shechem's [07927] father [01], for an hundred [03967] pieces of money [07192].
12 So the LORD [03068] blessed [01288] the latter end [0319] of Job [0347] more than his beginning [07225]: for he had fourteen [0702] [06240] thousand [0505] sheep [06629], and six [08337] thousand [0505] camels [01581], and a thousand [0505] yoke [06776] of oxen [01241], and a thousand [0505] she asses [0860].