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Selected Verse: Genesis 11:10 - Strong Concordance

Verse	Translation	Text
Ge 11:10	Strong Concordance	These are the generations [08435] of Shem [08035]: Shem [08035] was an hundred [03967] years [08141] old [01121], and begat [03205] Arphaxad [0775] two years [08141] after [0310] the flood [03999]:
	King James	These are the generations of Shem: Shem was an hundred years old, and begat Arphaxad two years after the flood:

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Notes on the Bible, by Albert Barnes, [1834]
- Section IX - The Line to Abram - XXXV. The Line of Abram 18. רעוּ re‛û, Re'u, "friend;" verb: "feed, delight in, enjoy." 20. שׂרוּג śerûg, Serug, "vine-shoot." 22. נחור nāchôr, Nachor, "snorting." 24. תרה terach, Terach, "delay?" Aramaic. 26. אברם 'abrām, Abram, "high father." הרן hārān Haran, "mountaineer." The usual phrase, "These are the generations," marks the beginning of the fifth document. Accordingly, we now enter upon a new phase of human development. The nations have gradually departed from the living God. They have not, however, stopped at this negative stage of ungodliness. They have fallen into polytheism and idolatry. And the knowledge of the one true God, the Maker, Possessor, and Upholder of heaven and earth, is on the verge of being entirely lost. Nevertheless the promises, first to the race of Adam, that the seed of the woman should bruise the serpent's head, and next to the family of Noah, that the Lord should be the God of Shem, were still in force. It is obvious, from the latter promise, that the seed of the woman is to be expected in the line of Shem. The present passage contains the pedigree of Abram from Shem. From this it appears that the sacred writer here reverts to the second year after the flood - a point of time long before the close of the preceding narrative. "Shem was the son of a hundred years," or in his hundredth year, two years after the flood, and therefore in the six hundred and third year of Noah, and consequently three years after Japheth. Abram was the twentieth, inclusive, from Adam, the tenth from Shem, and the seventh from Heber. A second Kenan is inserted after Arpakshad in the Septuagint, and in the Gospel according to Luke. But this name does not occur even in the Septuagint in Ch1 1:24, where the genealogy of Abram is given. It is not found in the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Targums, or the ancient versions. It does not appear in Josephus or Philo. Neither is it found in the Codex Bezae in the Gospel of Luke. It must therefore be regarded as an interpolation. The following table is a continuation of that given at the fifth chapter, and will serve for the comparison of the different forms in which the numbers are presented: Line of Abram Hebrew Sam. Pent. Septuagint Josephus Date Son's Birth OwnDeath Son's Birth OwnDeath Son's Birth OwnDeath Son's Birth OwnDeath OfBirth OfDeath 11. Shem (97) 2 600 (97) 2 600 (97) 2 600 (97) 12 1559 2150 12. Arpakshad (Καινᾶν) 35 438 135 438 135 535 135 1658 2096 13. Shelah 30 433 130 433 130 460 130 1693 2126 14. Heber 34 464 134 404 134 404 134 1723 2187 15. Peleg 30 239 130 239 130 339 130 1757 1996 16. Reu 32 239 132 239 132 339 130 1787 2096 17. Serug 30 230 130 230 130 330 132 1819 2049 18. Nahor 29 148 79 148 175 304 120 1849 1997 19. Terah (Haran) 70 60 205 70 60 145 70 60 205 70 292 205 1878 2083 20. Abram cd. Enters Ken. 70 75 70 75 70 75 130 75 2008 2078 Sum 422 1072 1302 422 D. of Flood 1656 1307 2262 2256 D. of Call 2078 2379 3564 2678 From this table it appears that in the total years of life the Hebrew, Samaritan, and Septuagint agree on Shem; the Hebrew and Septuagint on Terah; the Samaritan and Septuagint on Heber; and the Hebrew and Samaritan on all the rest. In regard, however, to the years of paternity, the Hebrew stands alone, against the Samaritan and Septuagint agreeing, except in Terah, where they all agree. The difference is not in units or tens, but in the addition to the Hebrew numbers of a hundred years, except in the case of Nahor, where the addition is fifty years, or a hundred and fifty according to the Codex Vaticanus (B) of the Septuagint. Here, again, it is remarkable that Josephus while agreeing with the Samaritan and Septuagint in most of the separate numbers before paternity, agrees with the Hebrew in the sum of years from the flood to the 70th year of Terah (292 years, Josephus I. 6, 5). In Reu and Serug the numbers are transposed, seemingly by a mistake arising from the inverted order in which he gives the numbers. In Nahor he, or his transcriber, seems to have added one hundred years according to the uniform law, and neglected the nine. To make up for this omission, the inexact round number 10 has been apparently added to the number of years after the flood, when Arpakshad was born. We have already noticed that some MSS. of Josephus gave 1656 as the sum-total of years from the creation to the flood, in which case the sums of Josephus and the Hebrew exactly agree. We find him also stating (viii. 3, 1) that the world was created 3102 years before Solomon began to build the temple, and that the deluge took place 1440 before the same point of time. Hence, we obtain 1662 years between the creation and the deluge; and this, if we only deduct from it the six years added to Lamek, agrees with the Hebrew. In the same passage he states that the entrance of Abram into Kenaan was 1020 years before the building of the temple. Hence, we infer that 420 years elapsed from the flood to the call of Abram, which, if we count from the birth of Arpakshad, allow sixty years to elapse between the births of Haran and Abram, and date the call of Abram at 70, will exactly tally with the Hebrew. These sums cannot in any probable way be reconciled with the details in his own text, or in the Septuagint, or Samaritan. Again, Josephus calculates (x. 8, 5) that the temple was burnt 3513 years from the creation, and 1957 from the flood. Hence, the interval from the creation to the deluge would be 1556 years, differing from the Hebrew by 100 years, and reconcilable with it, if we suppose the 500th year of Noah to be the terminating date. He also concludes that the burning of the temple took place 1062 years after the exodus, thus making the interval from the flood to the exodus 895 years, while the Hebrew makes it 852. If we reckon the 100 years from the 500th year of Noah to the flood, the 292 which Josephus gives from the flood to the birth of Abraham, the 75 years to the call of Abraham, and the 430 from that to the exodus, we have 897 years, which will be reduced to Josephus's number by omitting the 2 years from the flood to the birth of Arpakshad; and to the Hebrew number by omitting the 100 years before the flood, adding the 60 between Haran and Abram, which Josephus here neglects, and dating the call of Abram at 70 years. But by no process that we are aware of can these calculated numbers of Josephus be reconciled with the details of his own text, or the Samaritan, or Septuagint. It seems perfectly clear that the Hebrew numbers lie at the basis of these calculations of our author. The age of paternity in the Samaritan from Peleg down is beyond the middle age of life, which is contrary to all experience. The editor of the Septuagint seems to have observed this anomaly, and added 100 years to three of these lives, and 156 to that of Nahor, against the joint testimony of the Hebrew and Samaritan. If the year of paternity in the Vatican be the correct reading, a much greater number should have been here added. The Samaritan deducts 60 years from the age of Terah, against the joint testimony of the Hebrew, Samaritan, and Josephus, seemingly because the editor conceived that Abram was born in his seventieth year. From the Targum of Onkelos and the Peshito it is evident that the Hebrew text was the same as now up to the Christian era. Before that time there was no conceivable reason for shortening the chronology, while national vanity and emulation might easily prompt men to lengthen it. It is acknowledged that the text of the Septuagint is inferior to that of the Hebrew. The age of puberty in the Hebrew affords more scope for the increase of population than that in the other texts. For if a man begin to have a family at thirty, it is likely to be larger than if he began a hundred years later and only lived the same number of years altogether. Now the Hebrew and Samaritan agree generally, against the Septuagint, in the total years of life; and in two instances, Heber and Terah, the Samaritan has even a less number than the Hebrew. It is to be remembered, also, that the number of generations is the same in every case. Hence, in all human probability the Hebrew age of paternity will give the greater number of inhabitants to the world in the age of Abram. If we take the moderate average of five pairs for each family, we shall have for the estimated population 4 X 5(to the 9th power) pairs, or 15,625,000 souls. This number is amply sufficient for all the kingdoms that were in existence in the time of Abram. If we defer the time of becoming a father for a whole century, we shall certainly diminish, rather than increase, the chance of his having so large a family, and thereby the probability of such a population on the earth in the tenth generation from Noah. In these circumstances we are disposed to abide by the Hebrew text, that has descended to us in an original form, at least until we see some more cogent reasons for abandoning any of its numbers than chronologers have yet been able to produce. And we content ourselves, meanwhile, with the fact that the same system of numbers manifestly lay at the basis of all our present texts, though it may be difficult in some cases to determine to the satisfaction of all what was the original figure. The determination of the chronology of ancient history is neither a question of vital importance, nor, to us now, a part of the primary or direct design of the Hebrew records.

Notes on the Bible, by Albert Barnes, [1834]

- Section IX - The Line to Abram

- XXXV. The Line of Abram

18. רעוּ re‛û, Re'u, "friend;" verb: "feed, delight in, enjoy."

20. שׂרוּג śerûg, Serug, "vine-shoot."

22. נחור nāchôr, Nachor, "snorting."

24. תרה terach, Terach, "delay?" Aramaic.

26. אברם 'abrām, Abram, "high father." הרן hārān Haran, "mountaineer."

The usual phrase, "These are the generations," marks the beginning of the fifth document. Accordingly, we now enter upon a new phase of human development. The nations have gradually departed from the living God. They have not, however, stopped at this negative stage of ungodliness. They have fallen into polytheism and idolatry. And the knowledge of the one true God, the Maker, Possessor, and Upholder of heaven and earth, is on the verge of being entirely lost. Nevertheless the promises, first to the race of Adam, that the seed of the woman should bruise the serpent's head, and next to the family of Noah, that the Lord should be the God of Shem, were still in force. It is obvious, from the latter promise, that the seed of the woman is to be expected in the line of Shem.

The present passage contains the pedigree of Abram from Shem. From this it appears that the sacred writer here reverts to the second year after the flood - a point of time long before the close of the preceding narrative. "Shem was the son of a hundred years," or in his hundredth year, two years after the flood, and therefore in the six hundred and third year of Noah, and consequently three years after Japheth. Abram was the twentieth, inclusive, from Adam, the tenth from Shem, and the seventh from Heber. A second Kenan is inserted after Arpakshad in the Septuagint, and in the Gospel according to Luke. But this name does not occur even in the Septuagint in Ch1 1:24, where the genealogy of Abram is given. It is not found in the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Targums, or the ancient versions. It does not appear in Josephus or Philo. Neither is it found in the Codex Bezae in the Gospel of Luke. It must therefore be regarded as an interpolation.

The following table is a continuation of that given at the fifth chapter, and will serve for the comparison of the different forms in which the numbers are presented:

Line of Abram Hebrew Sam. Pent. Septuagint Josephus Date Son's Birth OwnDeath Son's Birth OwnDeath Son's Birth OwnDeath Son's Birth OwnDeath OfBirth OfDeath 11. Shem (97) 2 600 (97) 2 600 (97) 2 600 (97) 12 1559 2150 12. Arpakshad (Καινᾶν) 35 438 135 438 135 535 135 1658 2096 13. Shelah 30 433 130 433 130 460 130 1693 2126 14. Heber 34 464 134 404 134 404 134 1723 2187 15. Peleg 30 239 130 239 130 339 130 1757 1996 16. Reu 32 239 132 239 132 339 130 1787 2096 17. Serug 30 230 130 230 130 330 132 1819 2049 18. Nahor 29 148 79 148 175 304 120 1849 1997 19. Terah

(Haran) 70

60 205 70

60 145 70

60 205 70

292 205 1878 2083 20. Abram cd.

Enters Ken. 70

75 70

75 70

75 130

75 2008 2078 Sum 422 1072 1302 422 D. of Flood 1656 1307 2262 2256 D. of Call 2078 2379 3564 2678

From this table it appears that in the total years of life the Hebrew, Samaritan, and Septuagint agree on Shem; the Hebrew and Septuagint on Terah; the Samaritan and Septuagint on Heber; and the Hebrew and Samaritan on all the rest. In regard, however, to the years of paternity, the Hebrew stands alone, against the Samaritan and Septuagint agreeing, except in Terah, where they all agree. The difference is not in units or tens, but in the addition to the Hebrew numbers of a hundred years, except in the case of Nahor, where the addition is fifty years, or a hundred and fifty according to the Codex Vaticanus (B) of the Septuagint. Here, again, it is remarkable that Josephus while agreeing with the Samaritan and Septuagint in most of the separate numbers before paternity, agrees with the Hebrew in the sum of years from the flood to the 70th year of Terah (292 years, Josephus I. 6, 5). In Reu and Serug the numbers are transposed, seemingly by a mistake arising from the inverted order in which he gives the numbers.

In Nahor he, or his transcriber, seems to have added one hundred years according to the uniform law, and neglected the nine. To make up for this omission, the inexact round number 10 has been apparently added to the number of years after the flood, when Arpakshad was born. We have already noticed that some MSS. of Josephus gave 1656 as the sum-total of years from the creation to the flood, in which case the sums of Josephus and the Hebrew exactly agree. We find him also stating (viii. 3, 1) that the world was created 3102 years before Solomon began to build the temple, and that the deluge took place 1440 before the same point of time. Hence, we obtain 1662 years between the creation and the deluge; and this, if we only deduct from it the six years added to Lamek, agrees with the Hebrew. In the same passage he states that the entrance of Abram into Kenaan was 1020 years before the building of the temple.

Hence, we infer that 420 years elapsed from the flood to the call of Abram, which, if we count from the birth of Arpakshad, allow sixty years to elapse between the births of Haran and Abram, and date the call of Abram at 70, will exactly tally with the Hebrew. These sums cannot in any probable way be reconciled with the details in his own text, or in the Septuagint, or Samaritan. Again, Josephus calculates (x. 8, 5) that the temple was burnt 3513 years from the creation, and 1957 from the flood. Hence, the interval from the creation to the deluge would be 1556 years, differing from the Hebrew by 100 years, and reconcilable with it, if we suppose the 500th year of Noah to be the terminating date. He also concludes that the burning of the temple took place 1062 years after the exodus, thus making the interval from the flood to the exodus 895 years, while the Hebrew makes it 852. If we reckon the 100 years from the 500th year of Noah to the flood, the 292 which Josephus gives from the flood to the birth of Abraham, the 75 years to the call of Abraham, and the 430 from that to the exodus, we have 897 years, which will be reduced to Josephus's number by omitting the 2 years from the flood to the birth of Arpakshad; and to the Hebrew number by omitting the 100 years before the flood, adding the 60 between Haran and Abram, which Josephus here neglects, and dating the call of Abram at 70 years. But by no process that we are aware of can these calculated numbers of Josephus be reconciled with the details of his own text, or the Samaritan, or Septuagint. It seems perfectly clear that the Hebrew numbers lie at the basis of these calculations of our author.

The age of paternity in the Samaritan from Peleg down is beyond the middle age of life, which is contrary to all experience. The editor of the Septuagint seems to have observed this anomaly, and added 100 years to three of these lives, and 156 to that of Nahor, against the joint testimony of the Hebrew and Samaritan. If the year of paternity in the Vatican be the correct reading, a much greater number should have been here added. The Samaritan deducts 60 years from the age of Terah, against the joint testimony of the Hebrew, Samaritan, and Josephus, seemingly because the editor conceived that Abram was born in his seventieth year.

From the Targum of Onkelos and the Peshito it is evident that the Hebrew text was the same as now up to the Christian era. Before that time there was no conceivable reason for shortening the chronology, while national vanity and emulation might easily prompt men to lengthen it. It is acknowledged that the text of the Septuagint is inferior to that of the Hebrew.

The age of puberty in the Hebrew affords more scope for the increase of population than that in the other texts. For if a man begin to have a family at thirty, it is likely to be larger than if he began a hundred years later and only lived the same number of years altogether. Now the Hebrew and Samaritan agree generally, against the Septuagint, in the total years of life; and in two instances, Heber and Terah, the Samaritan has even a less number than the Hebrew. It is to be remembered, also, that the number of generations is the same in every case. Hence, in all human probability the Hebrew age of paternity will give the greater number of inhabitants to the world in the age of Abram. If we take the moderate average of five pairs for each family, we shall have for the estimated population 4 X 5(to the 9th power) pairs, or 15,625,000 souls. This number is amply sufficient for all the kingdoms that were in existence in the time of Abram. If we defer the time of becoming a father for a whole century, we shall certainly diminish, rather than increase, the chance of his having so large a family, and thereby the probability of such a population on the earth in the tenth generation from Noah.

In these circumstances we are disposed to abide by the Hebrew text, that has descended to us in an original form, at least until we see some more cogent reasons for abandoning any of its numbers than chronologers have yet been able to produce. And we content ourselves, meanwhile, with the fact that the same system of numbers manifestly lay at the basis of all our present texts, though it may be difficult in some cases to determine to the satisfaction of all what was the original figure. The determination of the chronology of ancient history is neither a question of vital importance, nor, to us now, a part of the primary or direct design of the Hebrew records.

The Scofield Bible Commentary, by Cyrus Ingerson Scofield, [1917]
generations of Shem Genesis 11. and 12. mark an important turning point in the divine dealing. Heretofore the history has been that of the whole Adamic race. There has been neither Jew nor Gentile; all have been one in "the first man Adam." Henceforth, in the Scripture record, humanity must be thought of as a vast stream from which God, in the call of Abram and the creation of the nation of Israel, has but drawn off a slender rill, through which He may at last purify the great river itself. Israel was called to be a witness to the unity of God in the midst of universal idolatry (Deu 6:4); (Isa 43:10-12) to illustrate the blessedness of serving the true God (Deu 33:26-29) to receive and preserve the divine revelations; (Rom 3:1); (Rom 3:2); (Deu 4:5-8) and to produce the messiah; (Gen 3:15); (Gen 21:12); (Gen 28:10); (Gen 28:14); (Gen 49:10); (Sa2 7:16); (Sa2 7:17); (Isa 4:3); (Isa 4:4); (Mat 1:1). The reader of scripture should hold firmly in mind: (1) that from Gen 12. to (Mat 12:45) the Scriptures have primarily in view Israel, the little rill, not the great Gentile river; though again and again the universality of the ultimate divine intent breaks into view (for example; (Gen 12:3); (Isa 2:2); (Isa 2:4); (Isa 5:26); (Isa 9:1-2); (Isa 11:10-12); (Isa 42:1-6); (Isa 49:6); (Isa 49:12); (Isa 52:15); (Isa 54:3); (Isa 55:5); (Isa 60:3); (Isa 60:5); (Isa 60:11-16); (Isa 61:6); (Isa 61:9); (Isa 62:2); (Isa 66:12); (Isa 66:18); (Isa 66:19); (Jer 16:19); (Joe 3:9); (Joe 3:10); (Mal 1:11) Ro 9. 10. 11. (Gal 3:8-14). (2) that the human race, henceforth called Gentile in distinction from Israel, goes on under the Adamic and Noahic covenants; and that for the race (outside Israel) the dispensations of Conscience and of Human government continue. The moral history of the great Gentile world is told in (Rom 1:21-32) and its moral accountability in (Rom 2:1-16). Conscience never acquits: it either "accuses" or "excuses." Where the law is known to the Gentiles it is to them, as to Israel, "a ministration of death," a "curse"; (Rom 3:19); (Rom 3:20); (Rom 7:9-10); (Co2 3:7); (Gal 3:10). A wholly new responsibility arises when either Jew or Gentile knows the Gospel; (Joh 3:18); (Joh 3:19); (Joh 3:36); (Joh 15:22-24); (Joh 16:9); (Jo1 5:9-12).

Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78]
After describing the division of the one family which sprang from the three sons of Noah, into many nations scattered over the earth and speaking different languages, the narrative returns to Shem, and traces his descendants in a direct line to Terah the father of Abraham. The first five members of this pedigree have already been given in the genealogy of the Shemites; and in that case the object was to point out the connection in which all the descendants of Eber stood to one another. They are repeated here to show the direct descent of the Terahites through Peleg from Shem, but more especially to follow the chronological thread of the family line, which could not be given in the genealogical tree without disturbing the uniformity of its plan. By the statement in Gen 11:10, that "Shem, a hundred years old, begat Arphaxad two years after the flood," the chronological date already given of Noah's age at the birth of his sons (Gen 5:32) and at the commencement of the flood (Gen 7:11) are made still more definite. As the expression "after the flood" refers to the commencement of the flood (Gen 9:28), and according to Gen 7:11 the flood began in the second month, or near the beginning of the six hundredth year of Noah's life, though the year 600 is given in Gen 7:6 in round numbers, it is not necessary to assume, as some do, in order to reconcile the difference between our verse and Gen 5:32, that the number 500 in Gen 5:32 stands as a round number for 502. On the other hand, there can be no objection to such an assumption. The different statements may be easily reconciled by placing the birth of Shem at the end of the five hundredth year of Noah's life, and the birth of Arphaxad at the end of the hundredth year of that of Shem; in which case Shem would be just 99 years old when the flood began, and would be fully 100 years old "two years after the flood," that is to say, in the second year from the commencement of the flood, when he begat Arphaxad. In this case the "two years after the flood" are not to be added to the sum-total of the chronological data, but are included in it. The table given here forms in a chronological and material respect the direct continuation of the one in Gen 5, and differs from it only in form, viz., by giving merely the length of life of the different fathers before and after the birth of their sons, without also summing up the whole number of their years as is the case there, since this is superfluous for chronological purposes. But on comparing the chronological data of the two tables, we find this very important difference in the duration of life before and after the flood, that the patriarchs after the flood lived upon an average only half the number of years of those before it, and that with Peleg the average duration of life was again reduced by one half. Whilst Noah with his 950 years belonged entirely to the old world, and Shem, who was born before the flood, reached the age of 600, Arphaxad lived only 438 years, Salah 433, and Eber 464; and again, with Peleg the duration of life fell to 239 years, Reu also lived only 239 years, Serug 230, and Nahor not more than 148. Here, then, we see that the two catastrophes, the flood and the separation of the human race into nations, exerted a powerful influence in shortening the duration of life; the former by altering the climate of the earth, the latter by changing the habits of men. But while the length of life diminished, the children were born proportionally earlier. Shem begat his first-born in his hundredth year, Arphaxad in the thirty-fifth, Salah in the thirtieth, and so on to Terah, who had no children till his seventieth year; consequently the human race, notwithstanding the shortening of life, increased with sufficient rapidity to people the earth very soon after their dispersion. There is nothing astonishing, therefore, in the circumstance, that wherever Abraham went he found tribes, towns, and kingdoms, though only 365 years had elapsed since the flood, when we consider that eleven generations would have followed one another in that time, and that, supposing every marriage to have been blessed with eight children on an average (four male and four female), the eleventh generation would contain 12,582,912 couples, or 25,165,824 individuals. And is we reckon ten children as the average number, the eleventh generation would contain 146,484,375 pairs, or 292,968,750 individuals. In neither of these cases have we included such of the earlier generations as would be still living, although their number would be by no means inconsiderable, since nearly all the patriarchs from Shem to Terah were alive at the time of Abram's migration. In Gen 11:26 the genealogy closes, like that in Gen 5:32, with the names of three sons of Terah, all of whom sustained an important relation to the subsequent history, viz., Abram as the father of the chosen family, Nahor as the ancestor of Rebekah (cf. Gen 11:29 with Gen 22:20-23), and Haran as the father of Lot (Gen 11:27).

Explanatory Notes on the Whole Bible, by John Wesley [1754-65]
Observe here, That nothing is left upon record concerning those of this line, but their names and ages; the Holy Ghost seeming to hasten thro' them to the story of Abraham. How little do we know of those that are gone before us in this world, even those that lived in the same places where we live! Or indeed of those who are our contemporaries, but in distant places. That there was an observable gradual decrease in the years of their lives. Shem reached to 600 years, which yet fell short of the age of the patriarchs before the flood; the three next came short of 500, the three next did not reach to 300, and after them we read not of any that attained to 200 but Terah; and not many ages after this, Moses reckoned 70 or 80 to be the utmost men ordinarily arrive at. When the earth began to be replenished, mens lives began to shorten so that the decrease is to be imputed to the wise disposal of providence, rather than to any decay of nature. That Eber, from whom the Hebrews were denominated, was the longest lived of any that were born after the flood; which perhaps was the reward of his strict adherence to the ways of God.

Adam Clarke Commentary on the Whole Bible - Published 1810-1826
These are the generations of Shem - This may he called the holy family, as from it sprang Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, the twelve patriarchs, David, Solomon, and all the great progenitors of the Messiah. We have already seen that the Scripture chronology, as it exists in the Hebrew text, the Samaritan, the Septuagint, Josephus, and some of the fathers, is greatly embarrassed; and it is yet much more so in the various systems of learned and unlearned chronologists. For a full and rational view of this subject, into which the nature of these notes forbids me farther to enter, I must refer my reader to Dr. Hales's laborious work, "A New Analysis of Sacred Chronology," vol. ii., part 1, etc., in which he enters into the subject with a cautious but firm step; and, if he has not been able to remove all its difficulties, has thrown very considerable light upon most parts of it.

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²⁴ Shem [08035], Arphaxad [0775], Shelah [07974],

⁹ If [1487] we receive [2983] the witness [3141] of men [444], the witness [3141] of God [2316] is [2076] greater [3187]: for [3754] this [3778] is [2076] the witness [3141] of God [2316] which [3739] he hath testified [3140] of [4012] his [846] Son [5207].
¹⁰ He that believeth [4100] on [1519] the Son [5207] of God [2316] hath [2192] the witness [3141] in [1722] himself [1438]: he that believeth [4100] not [3361] God [2316] hath made [4160] him [846] a liar [5583]; because [3754] he believeth [4100] not [3756] [1519] the record [3141] that [3739] God [2316] gave [3140] of [4012] his [846] Son [5207].
¹¹ And [2532] this [3778] is [2076] the record [3141], that [3754] God [2316] hath given [1325] to us [2254] eternal [166] life [2222], and [2532] this [3778] life [2222] is [2076] in [1722] his [846] Son [5207].
¹² He that hath [2192] the Son [5207] hath [2192] life [2222]; and he that hath [2192] not [3361] the Son [5207] of God [2316] hath [2192] not [3756] life [2222].

⁹ Of [4012] sin [266], [3303] because [3754] they believe [4100] not [3756] on [1519] me [1691];

²² If [1508] I had [2064] not [1508] come [2064] and [2532] spoken [2980] unto them [846], they had [2192] not [3756] had [2192] sin [266]: but [1161] now [3568] they have [2192] no [3756] cloke [4392] for [4012] their [846] sin [266].
²³ He that hateth [3404] me [1691] hateth [3404] my [3450] Father [3962] also [2532].
²⁴ If [1508] I had [4160] not [1508] done [4160] among [1722] them [846] the works [2041] which [3739] none [3762] other man [243] did [4160], they had [2192] not [3756] had [2192] sin [266]: but [1161] now [3568] have they [3708] both [2532] seen [3708] and [2532] hated [3404] both [2532] me [1691] and [2532] my [3450] Father [3962].

³⁶ He that believeth [4100] on [1519] the Son [5207] hath [2192] everlasting [166] life [2222]: and [1161] he that believeth not [544] the Son [5207] shall [3700] not [3756] see [3700] life [2222]; but [235] the wrath [3709] of God [2316] abideth [3306] on [1909] him [846].

¹⁹ And [1161] this [3778] is [2076] the condemnation [2920], that [3754] light [5457] is come [2064] into [1519] the world [2889], and [2532] men [444] loved [25] darkness [4655] rather [3123] than [2228] light [5457], because [1063] their [846] deeds [2041] were [2258] evil [4190].

¹⁸ He that believeth [4100] on [1519] him [846] is [2919] not [3756] condemned [2919]: but [1161] he that believeth [4100] not [3361] is condemned [2919] already [2235], because [3754] he hath [4100] not [3361] believed [4100] in [1519] the name [3686] of the only begotten [3439] Son [5207] of God [2316].

¹⁰ For [1063] as many as [3745] are [1526] of [1537] the works [2041] of the law [3551] are [1526] under [5259] the curse [2671]: for [1063] it is written [1125], Cursed [1944] is every one [3956] that [3739] continueth [1696] not [3756] in [1722] all things [3956] which [3588] are written [1125] in [1722] the book [975] of the law [3551] to do [4160] them [846].

⁷ But [1161] if [1487] the ministration [1248] of death [2288], written [1722] [1121] and engraven [1795] in [1722] stones [3037], was [1096] glorious [1722] [1391], so [5620] that the children [5207] of Israel [2474] could [1410] not [3361] stedfastly behold [816] the face [1519] [4383] of Moses [3475] for [1223] the glory [1391] of his [846] countenance [4383]; which [3588] glory was to be done away [2673]:

⁹ For [1161] I [1473] was alive [2198] without [5565] the law [3551] once [4218]: but [1161] when the commandment [1785] came [2064], sin [266] revived [326], and [1161] I [1473] died [599].
¹⁰ And [2532] the commandment [1785], which [3588] was ordained to [1519] life [2222], I [3427] found [2147] [3778] to be unto [1519] death [2288].

²⁰ Therefore [1360] by [1537] the deeds [2041] of the law [3551] there shall [1344] no [3956] [3756] flesh [4561] be justified [1344] in his [846] sight [1799]: for [1063] by [1223] the law [3551] is the knowledge [1922] of sin [266].

¹⁹ Now [1161] we know [1492] that [3754] what things soever [3745] the law [3551] saith [3004], it saith [2980] to them who are under [1722] the law [3551]: that [2443] every [3956] mouth [4750] may be stopped [5420], and [2532] all [3956] the world [2889] may become [1096] guilty [5267] before God [2316].

¹ Therefore [1352] thou art [1488] inexcusable [379], O [5599] man [444], whosoever [3956] thou art that judgest [2919]: for [1063] wherein [1722] [3739] thou judgest [2919] another [2087], thou condemnest [2632] thyself [4572]; for [1063] thou that judgest [2919] doest [4238] the same things [846].
² But [1161] we are sure [1492] that [3754] the judgment [2917] of God [2316] is [2076] according [2596] to truth [225] against [1909] them which commit [4238] such things [5108].
³ And [1161] thinkest thou [3049] this [5124], O [5599] man [444], that judgest [2919] them which do [4238] such things [5108], and [2532] doest [4160] the same [846], that [3754] thou [4771] shalt escape [1628] the judgment [2917] of God [2316]?
⁴ Or [2228] despisest thou [2706] the riches [4149] of his [846] goodness [5544] and [2532] forbearance [463] and [2532] longsuffering [3115]; not knowing [50] that [3754] the goodness [5543] of God [2316] leadeth [71] thee [4571] to [1519] repentance [3341]?
⁵ But [1161] after [2596] thy [4675] hardness [4643] and [2532] impenitent [279] heart [2588] treasurest up [2343] unto thyself [4572] wrath [3709] against [1722] the day [2250] of wrath [3709] and [2532] revelation [602] of the righteous judgment [1341] of God [2316];
⁶ Who [3739] will render [591] to every man [1538] according [2596] to his [846] deeds [2041]:
⁷ To them who by [3303] [2596] patient continuance [5281] in well [18] doing [2041] seek [2212] for glory [1391] and [2532] honour [5092] and [2532] immortality [861], eternal [166] life [2222]:
⁸ But [1161] unto them that are contentious [1537] [2052], and [2532] do not obey [544] [3303] the truth [225], but [1161] obey [3982] unrighteousness [93], indignation [2372] and [2532] wrath [3709],
⁹ Tribulation [2347] and [2532] anguish [4730], upon [1909] every [3956] soul [5590] of man [444] that doeth [2716] evil [2556], of the Jew [2453] first [4412], and [5037] also [2532] of the Gentile [1672];
¹⁰ But [1161] [2532] glory [1391], honour [5092], and [2532] peace [1515], to every man [3956] that worketh [2038] good [18], to the Jew [2453] first [4412], and [5037] also [2532] to the Gentile [1672]:
¹¹ For [1063] there is [2076] no [3756] respect of persons [4382] with [3844] God [2316].
¹² For [1063] as many as [3745] have sinned [264] without law [460] shall [622] also [2532] perish [622] without law [460]: and [2532] as many as [3745] have sinned [264] in [1722] the law [3551] shall be judged [2919] by [1223] the law [3551];
¹³ (For [1063] not [3756] the hearers [202] of the law [3551] are just [1342] before [3844] God [2316], but [235] the doers [4163] of the law [3551] shall be justified [1344].
¹⁴ For [1063] when [3752] the Gentiles [1484], which [3588] have [2192] not [3361] the law [3551], do [4160] by nature [5449] the things [3588] contained in the law [3551], these [3778], having [2192] not [3361] the law [3551], are [1526] a law [3551] unto themselves [1438]:
¹⁵ Which [3748] shew [1731] the work [2041] of the law [3551] written [1123] in [1722] their [846] hearts [2588], their [846] conscience [4893] also bearing witness [4828], and [2532] their thoughts [3053] the mean while accusing [2723] or [2228] else [2532] excusing [626] one another [3342] [240];)
¹⁶ In [1722] the day [2250] when [3753] God [2316] shall judge [2919] the secrets [2927] of men [444] by [1223] Jesus [2424] Christ [5547] according [2596] to my [3450] gospel [2098].

²¹ Because [1360] that, when they knew [1097] God [2316], they glorified [1392] him not [3756] as [5613] God [2316], neither [2228] were thankful [2168]; but [235] became vain [3154] in [1722] their [846] imaginations [1261], and [2532] their [846] foolish [801] heart [2588] was darkened [4654].
²² Professing themselves [5335] to be [1511] wise [4680], they became fools [3471],
²³ And [2532] changed [236] the glory [1391] of the uncorruptible [862] God [2316] into [1722] an image [1504] made like [3667] to corruptible [5349] man [444], and [2532] to birds [4071], and [2532] fourfooted beasts [5074], and [2532] creeping things [2062].
²⁴ Wherefore [1352] God [2316] also [2532] gave [3860] them [846] up [3860] to [1519] uncleanness [167] through [1722] the lusts [1939] of their own [846] hearts [2588], to dishonour [818] their own [846] bodies [4983] between [1722] themselves [1438]:
²⁵ Who [3748] changed [3337] the truth [225] of God [2316] into [1722] a lie [5579], and [2532] worshipped [4573] and [2532] served [3000] the creature [2937] more than [3844] the Creator [2936], who [3739] is [2076] blessed [2128] for [1519] ever [165]. Amen [281].
²⁶ For [1223] this [5124] cause God [2316] gave [3860] them [846] up [3860] unto [1519] vile [819] affections [3806]: for [1063] even [5037] their [846] women [2338] did change [3337] the natural [5446] use [5540] into [1519] that which is against [3844] nature [5449]:
²⁷ And [5037] likewise [3668] also [2532] the men [730], leaving [863] the natural [5446] use [5540] of the woman [2338], burned [1572] in [1722] their [846] lust [3715] one toward another [1519] [240]; men [730] with [1722] men [730] working [2716] that which is unseemly [808], and [2532] receiving [618] in [1722] themselves [1438] that recompence [489] of their [846] error [4106] which [3739] was meet [1163].
²⁸ And [2532] even as [2531] they did [1381] not [3756] like [1381] to retain [2192] God [2316] in [1722] their knowledge [1922], God [2316] gave [3860] them [846] over [3860] to [1519] a reprobate [96] mind [3563], to do [4160] those things which are [2520] not [3361] convenient [2520];
²⁹ Being filled with [4137] all [3956] unrighteousness [93], fornication [4202], wickedness [4189], covetousness [4124], maliciousness [2549]; full [3324] of envy [5355], murder [5408], debate [2054], deceit [1388], malignity [2550]; whisperers [5588],
³⁰ Backbiters [2637], haters of God [2319], despiteful [5197], proud [5244], boasters [213], inventors [2182] of evil things [2556], disobedient [545] to parents [1118],
³¹ Without understanding [801], covenantbreakers [802], without natural affection [794], implacable [786], unmerciful [415]:
³² Who [3748] knowing [1921] the judgment [1345] of God [2316], that [3754] they which commit [4238] such things [5108] are [1526] worthy [514] of death [2288], not [3756] only [3440] do [4160] the same [846], but [235] [2532] have pleasure [4909] in them that do [4238] them.

⁸ And [1161] the scripture [1124], foreseeing [4275] that [3754] God [2316] would justify [1344] the heathen [1484] through [1537] faith [4102], preached before the gospel [4283] unto Abraham [11], saying, [3754] In [1722] thee [4671] shall [1757] all [3956] nations [1484] be blessed [1757].
⁹ So then [5620] they which be of [1537] faith [4102] are blessed [2127] with [4862] faithful [4103] Abraham [11].
¹⁰ For [1063] as many as [3745] are [1526] of [1537] the works [2041] of the law [3551] are [1526] under [5259] the curse [2671]: for [1063] it is written [1125], Cursed [1944] is every one [3956] that [3739] continueth [1696] not [3756] in [1722] all things [3956] which [3588] are written [1125] in [1722] the book [975] of the law [3551] to do [4160] them [846].
¹¹ But [1161] that [3754] no man [3762] is justified [1344] by [1722] the law [3551] in the sight [3844] of God [2316], it is evident [1212]: for [3754], The just [1342] shall live [2198] by [1537] faith [4102].
¹² And [1161] the law [3551] is [2076] not [3756] of [1537] faith [4102]: but [235], The man [444] that doeth [4160] them [846] shall live [2198] in [1722] them [846].
¹³ Christ [5547] hath redeemed [1805] us [2248] from [1537] the curse [2671] of the law [3551], being made [1096] a curse [2671] for [5228] us [2257]: for [1063] it is written [1125], Cursed [1944] is every one [3956] that hangeth [2910] on [1909] a tree [3586]:
¹⁴ That [2443] the blessing [2129] of Abraham [11] might come [1096] on [1519] the Gentiles [1484] through [1722] Jesus [2424] Christ [5547]; that [2443] we might receive [2983] the promise [1860] of the Spirit [4151] through [1223] faith [4102].

¹¹ For from the rising [04217] of the sun [08121] even unto the going down [03996] of the same my name [08034] shall be great [01419] among the Gentiles [01471]; and in every place [04725] incense [06999] shall be offered [05066] unto my name [08034], and a pure [02889] offering [04503]: for my name [08034] shall be great [01419] among the heathen [01471], saith [0559] the LORD [03068] of hosts [06635].

¹⁰ Beat [03807] your plowshares [0855] into swords [02719], and your pruninghooks [04211] into spears [07420]: let the weak [02523] say [0559], I am strong [01368].

⁹ Proclaim [07121] ye this among the Gentiles [01471]; Prepare [06942] war [04421], wake up [05782] the mighty men [01368], let all the men [0582] of war [04421] draw near [05066]; let them come up [05927]:

¹⁹ O LORD [03068], my strength [05797], and my fortress [04581], and my refuge [04498] in the day [03117] of affliction [06869], the Gentiles [01471] shall come [0935] unto thee from the ends [0657] of the earth [0776], and shall say [0559], Surely our fathers [01] have inherited [05157] lies [08267], vanity [01892], and things wherein there is no profit [03276].

¹⁹ And I will set [07760] a sign [0226] among them, and I will send [07971] those that escape [06412] of them unto the nations [01471], to Tarshish [08659], Pul [06322], and Lud [03865], that draw [04900] the bow [07198], to Tubal [08422], and Javan [03120], to the isles [0339] afar off [07350], that have not heard [08085] my fame [08088], neither have seen [07200] my glory [03519]; and they shall declare [05046] my glory [03519] among the Gentiles [01471].

¹⁸ For I know their works [04639] and their thoughts [04284]: it shall come [0935], that I will gather [06908] all nations [01471] and tongues [03956]; and they shall come [0935], and see [07200] my glory [03519].

¹² For thus saith [0559] the LORD [03068], Behold, I will extend [05186] peace [07965] to her like a river [05104], and the glory [03519] of the Gentiles [01471] like a flowing [07857] stream [05158]: then shall ye suck [03243], ye shall be borne [05375] upon her sides [06654], and be dandled [08173] upon her knees [01290].

² And the Gentiles [01471] shall see [07200] thy righteousness [06664], and all kings [04428] thy glory [03519]: and thou shalt be called [07121] by a new [02319] name [05344], which the mouth [06310] of the LORD [03068] shall name [08034].

⁹ And their seed [02233] shall be known [03045] among the Gentiles [01471], and their offspring [06631] among [08432] the people [05971]: all that see [07200] them shall acknowledge [05234] them, that they are the seed [02233] which the LORD [03068] hath blessed [01288].

⁶ But ye shall be named [07121] the Priests [03548] of the LORD [03068]: men shall call [0559] you the Ministers [08334] of our God [0430]: ye shall eat [0398] the riches [02428] of the Gentiles [01471], and in their glory [03519] shall ye boast [03235] yourselves.

¹¹ Therefore thy gates [08179] shall be open [06605] continually [08548]; they shall not be shut [05462] day [03119] nor night [03915]; that men may bring [0935] unto thee the forces [02428] of the Gentiles [01471], and that their kings [04428] may be brought [05090].
¹² For the nation [01471] and kingdom [04467] that will not serve [05647] thee shall perish [06]; yea, those nations [01471] shall be utterly [02717] wasted [02717].
¹³ The glory [03519] of Lebanon [03844] shall come [0935] unto thee, the fir tree [01265], the pine tree [08410], and the box [08391] together [03162], to beautify [06286] the place [04725] of my sanctuary [04720]; and I will make the place [04725] of my feet [07272] glorious [03513].
¹⁴ The sons [01121] also of them that afflicted [06031] thee shall come [01980] bending [07817] unto thee; and all they that despised [05006] thee shall bow themselves down [07812] at the soles [03709] of thy feet [07272]; and they shall call [07121] thee, The city [05892] of the LORD [03068], The Zion [06726] of the Holy One [06918] of Israel [03478].
¹⁵ Whereas [08478] thou hast been forsaken [05800] and hated [08130], so that no man went through [05674] thee, I will make [07760] thee an eternal [05769] excellency [01347], a joy [04885] of many [01755] generations [01755].
¹⁶ Thou shalt also suck [03243] the milk [02461] of the Gentiles [01471], and shalt suck [03243] the breast [07699] of kings [04428]: and thou shalt know [03045] that I the LORD [03068] am thy Saviour [03467] and thy Redeemer [01350], the mighty One [046] of Jacob [03290].

⁵ Then thou shalt see [07200] [03372], and flow together [05102], and thine heart [03824] shall fear [06342], and be enlarged [07337]; because the abundance [01995] of the sea [03220] shall be converted [02015] unto thee, the forces [02428] of the Gentiles [01471] shall come [0935] unto thee.

³ And the Gentiles [01471] shall come [01980] to thy light [0216], and kings [04428] to the brightness [05051] of thy rising [02225].

⁵ Behold, thou shalt call [07121] a nation [01471] that thou knowest [03045] not, and nations [01471] that knew [03045] not thee shall run [07323] unto thee because of the LORD [03068] thy God [0430], and for the Holy One [06918] of Israel [03478]; for he hath glorified [06286] thee.

³ For thou shalt break forth [06555] on the right hand [03225] and on the left [08040]; and thy seed [02233] shall inherit [03423] the Gentiles [01471], and make the desolate [08074] cities [05892] to be inhabited [03427].

¹⁵ So shall he sprinkle [05137] many [07227] nations [01471]; the kings [04428] shall shut [07092] their mouths [06310] at him: for that which had not been told [05608] them shall they see [07200]; and that which they had not heard [08085] shall they consider [0995].

¹² Behold, these shall come [0935] from far [07350]: and, lo, these from the north [06828] and from the west [03220]; and these from the land [0776] of Sinim [05515].

⁶ And he said [0559], It is a light thing [07043] that thou shouldest be my servant [05650] to raise up [06965] the tribes [07626] of Jacob [03290], and to restore [07725] the preserved [05341] [05336] of Israel [03478]: I will also give [05414] thee for a light [0216] to the Gentiles [01471], that thou mayest be my salvation [03444] unto the end [07097] of the earth [0776].

¹ Behold my servant [05650], whom I uphold [08551]; mine elect [0972], in whom my soul [05315] delighteth [07521]; I have put [05414] my spirit [07307] upon him: he shall bring forth [03318] judgment [04941] to the Gentiles [01471].
² He shall not cry [06817], nor lift up [05375], nor cause his voice [06963] to be heard [08085] in the street [02351].
³ A bruised [07533] reed [07070] shall he not break [07665], and the smoking [03544] flax [06594] shall he not quench [03518]: he shall bring forth [03318] judgment [04941] unto truth [0571].
⁴ He shall not fail [03543] nor be discouraged [07533], till he have set [07760] judgment [04941] in the earth [0776]: and the isles [0339] shall wait [03176] for his law [08451].
⁵ Thus saith [0559] God [0410] the LORD [03068], he that created [01254] the heavens [08064], and stretched them out [05186]; he that spread forth [07554] the earth [0776], and that which cometh out [06631] of it; he that giveth [05414] breath [05397] unto the people [05971] upon it, and spirit [07307] to them that walk [01980] therein:
⁶ I the LORD [03068] have called [07121] thee in righteousness [06664], and will hold [02388] thine hand [03027], and will keep [05341] thee, and give [05414] thee for a covenant [01285] of the people [05971], for a light [0216] of the Gentiles [01471];

¹⁰ And in that day [03117] there shall be a root [08328] of Jesse [03448], which shall stand [05975] for an ensign [05251] of the people [05971]; to it shall the Gentiles [01471] seek [01875]: and his rest [04496] shall be glorious [03519].
¹¹ And it shall come to pass in that day [03117], that the Lord [0136] shall set [03254] his hand [03027] again [03254] the second time [08145] to recover [07069] the remnant [07605] of his people [05971], which shall be left [07604], from Assyria [0804], and from Egypt [04714], and from Pathros [06624], and from Cush [03568], and from Elam [05867], and from Shinar [08152], and from Hamath [02574], and from the islands [0339] of the sea [03220].
¹² And he shall set up [05375] an ensign [05251] for the nations [01471], and shall assemble [0622] the outcasts [01760] of Israel [03478], and gather together [06908] the dispersed [05310] of Judah [03063] from the four [0702] corners [03671] of the earth [0776].

¹ Nevertheless the dimness [04155] shall not be such as was in her vexation [04164], when [06256] at the first [07223] he lightly afflicted [07043] the land [0776] of Zebulun [02074] and the land [0776] of Naphtali [05321], and afterward [0314] did more grievously afflict [03513] her by the way [01870] of the sea [03220], beyond [05676] Jordan [03383], in Galilee [01551] of the nations [01471].
² The people [05971] that walked [01980] in darkness [02822] have seen [07200] a great [01419] light [0216]: they that dwell [03427] in the land [0776] of the shadow of death [06757], upon them hath the light [0216] shined [05050].

²⁶ And he will lift up [05375] an ensign [05251] to the nations [01471] from far [07350], and will hiss [08319] unto them from the end [07097] of the earth [0776]: and, behold, they shall come [0935] with speed [04120] swiftly [07031]:

⁴ And he shall judge [08199] among the nations [01471], and shall rebuke [03198] many [07227] people [05971]: and they shall beat [03807] their swords [02719] into plowshares [0855], and their spears [02595] into pruninghooks [04211]: nation [01471] shall not lift up [05375] sword [02719] against nation [01471], neither shall they learn [03925] war [04421] any more.

² And it shall come to pass in the last [0319] days [03117], that the mountain [02022] of the LORD'S [03068] house [01004] shall be established [03559] in the top [07218] of the mountains [02022], and shall be exalted [05375] above the hills [01389]; and all nations [01471] shall flow [05102] unto it.

³ And I will bless [01288] them that bless [01288] thee, and curse [0779] him that curseth [07043] thee: and in thee shall all families [04940] of the earth [0127] be blessed [01288].

⁴⁵ Then [5119] goeth he [4198], and [2532] taketh [3880] with [3326] himself [1438] seven [2033] other [2087] spirits [4151] more wicked [4191] than himself [1438], and [2532] they enter in [1525] and dwell [2730] there [1563]: and [2532] the last [2078] state of that [1565] man [444] is [1096] worse than [5501] the first [4413]. Even so [3779] shall it be [2071] also [2532] unto this [5026] wicked [4190] generation [1074].

¹ The book [976] of the generation [1078] of Jesus [2424] Christ [5547], the son [5207] of David [1138], the son [5207] of Abraham [11].

⁴ When the Lord [0136] shall have washed away [07364] the filth [06675] of the daughters [01323] of Zion [06726], and shall have purged [01740] the blood [01818] of Jerusalem [03389] from the midst [07130] thereof by the spirit [07307] of judgment [04941], and by the spirit [07307] of burning [01197].

³ And it shall come to pass, that he that is left [07604] in Zion [06726], and he that remaineth [03498] in Jerusalem [03389], shall be called [0559] holy [06918], even every one that is written [03789] among the living [02416] in Jerusalem [03389]:

¹⁷ According to all these words [01697], and according to all this vision [02384], so did Nathan [05416] speak [01696] unto David [01732].

¹⁶ And thine house [01004] and thy kingdom [04467] shall be established [0539] for [05704] ever [05769] before [06440] thee: thy throne [03678] shall be established [03559] for [05704] ever [05769].

¹⁰ The sceptre [07626] shall not depart [05493] from Judah [03063], nor a lawgiver [02710] from between his feet [07272], until [03588] Shiloh [07886] come [0935]; and unto him shall the gathering [03349] of the people [05971] be.

¹⁴ And thy seed [02233] shall be as the dust [06083] of the earth [0776], and thou shalt spread abroad [06555] to the west [03220], and to the east [06924], and to the north [06828], and to the south [05045]: and in thee and in thy seed [02233] shall all the families [04940] of the earth [0127] be blessed [01288].

¹⁰ And Jacob [03290] went out [03318] from Beersheba [0884], and went [03212] toward Haran [02771].

¹² And God [0430] said [0559] unto Abraham [085], Let it not be grievous [03415] in thy sight [05869] because of the lad [05288], and because of thy bondwoman [0519]; in all that Sarah [08283] hath said [0559] unto thee, hearken [08085] unto her voice [06963]; for in Isaac [03327] shall thy seed [02233] be called [07121].

¹⁵ And I will put [07896] enmity [0342] between thee and the woman [0802], and between thy seed [02233] and her seed [02233]; it shall bruise [07779] thy head [07218], and thou shalt bruise [07779] his heel [06119].

⁵ Behold [07200], I have taught [03925] you statutes [02706] and judgments [04941], even as [0834] the LORD [03068] my God [0430] commanded [06680] me, that ye should do [06213] so in [07130] the land [0776] whither ye go [0935] to possess [03423] it.
⁶ Keep [08104] therefore and do [06213] them; for this is your wisdom [02451] and your understanding [0998] in the sight [05869] of the nations [05971], which shall hear [08085] all these statutes [02706], and say [0559], Surely this great [01419] nation [01471] is a wise [02450] and understanding [0995] people [05971].
⁷ For what nation [01471] is there so great [01419], who hath God [0430] so nigh [07138] unto them, as the LORD [03068] our God [0430] is in all things that we call [07121] upon him for?
⁸ And what nation [01471] is there so great [01419], that hath statutes [02706] and judgments [04941] so righteous [06662] as all this law [08451], which I set [05414] before [06440] you this day [03117]?

² Much [4183] every [2596] [3956] way [5158]: chiefly [4412], because [3303] [1063] that [3754] unto them were committed [4100] the oracles [3051] of God [2316].

¹ What [5101] advantage [4053] then [3767] hath the Jew [2453]? or [2228] what [5101] profit [5622] is there of circumcision [4061]?

²⁶ There is none like unto the God [0410] of Jeshurun [03484], who rideth [07392] upon the heaven [08064] in thy help [05828], and in his excellency [01346] on the sky [07834].
²⁷ The eternal [06924] God [0430] is thy refuge [04585], and underneath are the everlasting [05769] arms [02220]: and he shall thrust out [01644] the enemy [0341] from before [06440] thee; and shall say [0559], Destroy [08045] them.
²⁸ Israel [03478] then shall dwell [07931] in safety [0983] alone [0910]: the fountain [05869] of Jacob [03290] shall be upon a land [0776] of corn [01715] and wine [08492]; also his heavens [08064] shall drop down [06201] dew [02919].
²⁹ Happy [0835] art thou, O Israel [03478]: who is like unto thee, O people [05971] saved [03467] by the LORD [03068], the shield [04043] of thy help [05828], and who is the sword [02719] of thy excellency [01346]! and thine enemies [0341] shall be found liars [03584] unto thee; and thou shalt tread [01869] upon their high places [01116].

¹⁰ Ye are my witnesses [05707], saith [05002] the LORD [03068], and my servant [05650] whom I have chosen [0977]: that ye may know [03045] and believe [0539] me, and understand [0995] that I am he: before [06440] me there was no God [0410] formed [03335], neither shall there be after [0310] me.
¹¹ I, even I, am the LORD [03068]; and beside [01107] me there is no saviour [03467].
¹² I have declared [05046], and have saved [03467], and I have shewed [08085], when there was no strange [02114] god among you: therefore ye are my witnesses [05707], saith [05002] the LORD [03068], that I am God [0410].

⁴ Hear [08085], O Israel [03478]: The LORD [03068] our God [0430] is one [0259] LORD [03068]:

²⁷ Now these are the generations [08435] of Terah [08646]: Terah [08646] begat [03205] Abram [087], Nahor [05152], and Haran [02039]; and Haran [02039] begat [03205] Lot [03876].

²⁰ And it came to pass after [0310] these things [01697], that it was told [05046] Abraham [085], saying [0559], Behold, Milcah [04435], she hath also born [03205] children [01121] unto thy brother [0251] Nahor [05152];
²¹ Huz [05780] his firstborn [01060], and Buz [0938] his brother [0251], and Kemuel [07055] the father [01] of Aram [0758],
²² And Chesed [03777], and Hazo [02375], and Pildash [06394], and Jidlaph [03044], and Bethuel [01328].
²³ And Bethuel [01328] begat [03205] Rebekah [07259]: these eight [08083] Milcah [04435] did bear [03205] to Nahor [05152], Abraham's [085] brother [0251].

²⁹ And Abram [087] and Nahor [05152] took [03947] them wives [0802]: the name [08034] of Abram's [087] wife [0802] was Sarai [08297]; and the name [08034] of Nahor's [05152] wife [0802], Milcah [04435], the daughter [01323] of Haran [02039], the father [01] of Milcah [04435], and the father [01] of Iscah [03252].

³² And Noah [05146] was five [02568] hundred [03967] years [08141] old [01121]: and Noah [05146] begat [03205] Shem [08035], Ham [02526], and Japheth [03315].

²⁶ And Terah [08646] lived [02421] seventy [07657] years [08141], and begat [03205] Abram [087], Nahor [05152], and Haran [02039].

³² And Noah [05146] was five [02568] hundred [03967] years [08141] old [01121]: and Noah [05146] begat [03205] Shem [08035], Ham [02526], and Japheth [03315].

⁶ And Noah [05146] was six [08337] hundred [03967] years [08141] old [01121] when the flood [03999] of waters [04325] was upon the earth [0776].

¹¹ In [08141] the six [08337] hundredth [03967] year [08141] of Noah's [05146] life [02416], in the second [08145] month [02320], the seventeenth [07651] [06240] day [03117] of the month [02320], the same [02088] day [03117] were all the fountains [04599] of the great [07227] deep [08415] broken up [01234], and the windows [0699] of heaven [08064] were opened [06605].

²⁸ And Noah [05146] lived [02421] after [0310] the flood [03999] three [07969] hundred [03967] [08141] and fifty [02572] years [08141].

³² And Noah [05146] was five [02568] hundred [03967] years [08141] old [01121]: and Noah [05146] begat [03205] Shem [08035], Ham [02526], and Japheth [03315].

¹⁰ These are the generations [08435] of Shem [08035]: Shem [08035] was an hundred [03967] years [08141] old [01121], and begat [03205] Arphaxad [0775] two years [08141] after [0310] the flood [03999]: